Breast Cancer: Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Essay

What is breast cancer? A female’s breast is made up of fibrous tissue, fatty tissue, and lobes of glandular tissue that eject milk to the exterior. However, breast cancer occurs when the normal cells in the breast begin to grow and divide at an unregulated speed. In all honesty, I want to know more about this issue because of the proven statics. Approximately forty thousand women and four hundred men die each year from breast cancer. In this article “Our Feel-Good War on Breast Cancer” by Peggy Orenstein she stresses the significance of early detection and creating mindfulness of breast cancer. Orenstein discuss how most people discover they have breast cancer by taking a mammogram conversely the real impact is somewhat different. Whereas,

Ductal carcinoma is when the cells that line the milk ducts have changed to look like cancer cells. The difference between Ductal carcinoma and an invasive cancer is that the cells have not spread outside the walls of the ducts to the surrounding breast tissue. Because it hasn’t invaded, Ductal carcinoma can’t spread or metastasize outside the breast to the rest of the body. DCIS has no signs or symptoms and usually can’t be felt with a routine breast examination. Sometimes, a lump may be found or there might be discharge coming from the nipple. One of the ways to find it early is by having a mammogram done. (American Cancer Society, 2014., National Cancer Institute, 2014., Breastcancer.org, 2014., Canadian Cancer Society, 2014. As cited in cbcf.org)

Depending on the time of diagnosis and the particular stage at which the cancer is present in the body, treatment options range from a mastectomy, chemotherapy, or surgery (Haas, 2008). A mastectomy is the surgical removal of the breast, it is an approach often taken to halt the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy is an alternative to a treating the cancer. Chemotherapy for breast cancer is a systemic treatment, which affects most of the cells in your body. Most often chemotherapy is classified as the therapeutic use of chemicals to treat or control a particular disease. Potent drugs are used to kill or hinder the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells by interrupting their DNA, protein production, preventing cell division, starving them of their nutrients or blocking hormone receptors (Stephan, 2010).

This paper aims to provide the gaps in our understanding of breast cancer by examining the functions and to enhance our ability to distinguish the anatomy of female human breast. The author also attempts a better understanding of some of the different types of human breast cancer namely: ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma. It is hoped that this paper will inform those who do not have the understanding and knowledge about the risk factors, diagnosis, treatments and preventions of the breast cancer.

One dependable source states, “Lumpectomy or partial mastectomy (also called breast-conserving surgery) followed by radiation therapy is generally considered to be as good as mastectomy for women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer with an average risk of the cancer coming back (recurrence). Earlier research has shown that recurrence risk was about the same with either treatment” ("Removing”). There are multiple options that can be chosen to attempt to eliminate cancer that have been proven to have been effective in many cases.

Breast cancer is cancerous growth of cells in the breast which can be often felt as lump. It becomes dangerous when the cancerous cells becomes malignant and starts invading other tissues of the body. However, this can be prevented by early detection. The incidence of breast cancer is mostly with females although there are few reports of men suffering from the disease. In most cases, the cells with the ducts of milk glands are often associated and few can arise from other cells of the breast and can be termed as sarcomas as well as lymphomas that are different from breast cancer which is an adenocarcinoma (Al-Hajj, Wicha, Benito-Hernandez, Morrison, & Clarke, 2003). Common type of breast cancer includes ductal carcinoma in situ which is considered non-invasive and not life threatening. The invasive ductal carcinoma is associated with the milk duct and can invade nearby tissues of the breast as well as other body parts through the blood stream. Another form of invasive lobular carcinoma starts from the milk glands and can metastasize. Other less common types includes inflammatory breast cancer, Paget disease, phyllodes tumour and angiosarcoma.

¨When you have surgery, this type of surgery is sometimes called partial (or segmental) mastectomy. It is also sometimes called lumpectomy or quadrantectomy. In breast-conserving surgery, only the part of the breast containing the cancer is removed. The goal is to remove the cancer as well as some surrounding normal tissue.This type of surgery is sometimes called partial (or segmental) mastectomy. It is also sometimes called lumpectomy or quadrantectomy. In breast-conserving surgery, only the part of the breast containing the cancer is removed. The goal is to remove the cancer as well as some surrounding normal tissue. How much of the breast is removed depends on the size and location of the tumor and other factors¨

Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant cells form in the breast tissue. There are many different kinds of breast cancer, which is determined by which cells in the breast that are cancerous. The lobules, ducts, and connective tissue are the three main parts that make up the breast. Most cancer starts in the ducts and lobules with the most common being invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma. In invasive ductal the cancer cells grow outside the ducts of the breast into other parts of the breast tissue and may metastasize to other parts of the body. Invasive lobular cancer starts in the lobules of the breast and spreads to the nearby breast tissue or other parts of the body.

Breast Cancer is a cancerous tumor that has developed within the cells of the breast. The most ordinary area in the breast for breast cancer to develop is the ducts, and less ordinary in the lobules of the breast. The cancerous cells can intrude healthy breast tissue over time, or cells can break off from the tumor and travel to the lymph nodes and into the lymphatic system which could take them to other parts of the body (“Breast Cancer-Woman’s”).

agent, cisplatin may be effective treatment for hereditary BRCA1-mutated breast cancers . Another treatment for breast cancer is surgery. Surgery is usually the first line of attack against breast cancer. Before doing any surgery, doctors will ask patient about their medical record to ensure there is no complication during the process of surgery. There are several types of surgery such as lumpectomy, mastectomy, breast reconstruction and others. Lumpectomy is a surgery in which only the tumor and some surrounding tissue is removed. Mastectomy is a surgery that removes the portion, or segment, of the breast that contains the tumor. Breast reconstruction is an additional surgery to rebuild the breast. Breast reconstruction often can be done at

In the past, we'd often find that a woman had breast cancer when she came in with a lump. Today, the cancers radiologists find on mammography are usually detected early, before they can be felt by the patient, are smaller than cancers felt by patients, and have much lower levels of lymph node

Breast cancer is not just a single disease. It may come in different types. One particular type and the most common is the invasive ductal carcinoma or the infiltrating ductal carcinoma. This is cancer that invades the surrounding breast tissues as it breaks through walls of the milk duct. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is another type of cancer. This is non-invasive, meaning it does not spread to the surrounding breast tissues. Another type is the triple negative breast cancer. This happens when estrogen, progesterone, and HER-2, which fuel cancer growth, are not present in the tumor. This also means that hormone therapy and drugs are ineffective for this type, but chemotherapy may an effective option. Inflammatory breast cancer is a fast-growing type that caused to penetrate the skin and lymph vessels. For metastatic breast cancer, cancer basically spreads to other body parts including the lungs, bones, brain, or liver. This is also classified as Stage 4 breast cancer. The above mention cancer types are the commonly seen cancer cases. However, there are other types which are not commonly seen such as the medullary carcinoma accounting for 3-5% of cancer types, tubular carcinoma making up about 2% of diagnosis, and mucinous carcinoma representing 1% or 2% of all cancer types (National Breast Cancer Foundation Inc., 2016).

Detection of breast cancer can be made at an early stage through screening. Screening refers to the various tests and examinations that are carried out on the breasts of a person to detect the disease at the earliest, even before the actual symptoms of the disease starts to show. Usually breast cancers that can be felt and detected are cancers that have grown larger in size and that which in usual cases has spread to regions outside the breast. The treatment in such cases is very complex. Breast cancers can be treated successfully if it is detected very early, and before the actual cancer symptoms starts to show.

women normal breast tissue have a density of carcinoma. It very difficult to tell which is

There are four stages of breast cancer. The Stage 0 is noninvasive breast cancer, that is, carcinoma in situ with no affected lymph nodes or metastasis. Stage zero is the most favorable. Now Stage 1 breast cancer is less than two centimeters in greatest dimension and is only in the breasts. In Stage 2, the cancer is no larger than two centimeters but it has spread to the lymph nodes under the arm. The