Breast Cancer Essay

Partridge, (2013) states that; a comprehensive approach is needed to accord the patients the best care possible. With this knowledge, researchers developed a program that addresses the issues faced

There are no symptoms at the early stages of breast cancer which makes early detection even more difficult. When tumors become large there is an obvious breast mass which is mostly not painful. Symptoms of breast cancer include breast thickening, skin irritation, tenderness, swelling, breast scales, distortion, redness tenderness, nipple retraction and ulceration, There may also be abnormal discharge.

Despite significant advances in research, Breast Cancer is still the most common cancer, affecting both men and especially women. In the US, 232, 670 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed along 62,570 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer in women and about 2,360 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in men in just 2014 .

Breast cancer is one of the cancer diseases which can be detected early by looking at its symptoms. Symptoms may include a lump or thickening

Breast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. Breast cancer kills more women in the United States than any cancer except lung cancer. No one knows why some women get breast cancer, but there a number of risk factors. Risks that you cannot change include+++++++etc.

There are several symptoms of breast cancer. Early cancer may not show any symptoms at all but as time goes by and the cancer grows, there may be symptoms.

Intro: In the United States, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Alt-hough it can occur in both men and women, it is very rare in men.. The most common type of breast cancer in the U.S. is ducts carcinoma. This type of cancer begins within the cells of the ducts, but it can also begin in the cells of the lobules and other tissues of the breast. An individu-al’s breast has many components. It contains glands, ducts and breast tissue that contains fat, connective tissue, lymph nodes and blood vessels.

Breast cancers occurs when genetic mutations, or somatic mutations, that metastasized in critical genes allow buildups of cells to grow undisciplined and embody a tumor. In addition to genetic deformities, researchers have identified gender, age, ethnicity, family cancer history, similar mutations in breast tissue, and excess hormones as leading causes of genetic mutations that lead to breast cancer. Some breast cancers that exist in several generations of family are associated with inherited mutations in particular genes.

Burgess et al., (2005), interviewed 222 women with early breast cancer with 170 women providing complete interview data up to either five years after diagnosis or recurrence. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with early breast cancer in the five years after diagnosis. The study used structured interviews and standardised diagnostic criteria to assess the point prevalence and period prevalence of clinically important depression and anxiety in women with early breast cancer in the five years after diagnosis. The findings of the study showed that during the first year after diagnosis, nearly 50% of the women experienced anxiety, depression or both, 25% in the second, third

Screening would be an option if breast cancer is suspected in early development. The most frequent screening that is used is the clinical breast exam. If one doesn’t understand how to do the self-examination then she could go to a clinic and have her breasts examined there. The mammographer presses on the breast to feel for abnormalities and lumps that could be cause a fatal experience. Furthermore, breast ultrasounds are used as a testing tool to find out if the tumor is solid or liquid. There are many positives about this tool! One won’t have to go through radiation, and its very accurate in determining if the tumor is cancerous or not. The preparation for this

There are different types of breast cancer that could be used in planning treatment and new therapies. Authors of Mayo Clinic’s Breast Cancer page have written, “Your cancer's stage helps determine your prognosis and the best treatment options.” Therefore, many studies separate breast cancer into four molecular subtypes (“Molecular Subtypes”). Those subtypes would

“Women with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop breast cancer” (National Breast Cancer [NBC], n.d ). Exposure to radiation and drinking alcohol are risks that can be avoided, whereas breast cancer that is caused by inherited genetic factor can not be avoided. “ Many risks factors contribute to women being diagnosed with breast cancer. Most breast cancer are acquire during the lifetime while only about 5% to 10% are inherited” (breastcancer.org). The risk of developing breast cancer for women around 70 years old is roughly 4 percent. “In the 1970s, the chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States was just under 10 percent or about 1 in 10” (National Breast Cancer [NBC], n.d ). Even though, many studies and clinical trials are completed during these years; they still are not sure what causes breast cancer. Many believe that inheritance plays a significant role; however, there are still questions about this issue. BRCA1 AND BRCA2 are two genes that produce proteins in the body that help control tumor cell growth (cancer.gov). When these genes change, they do not produce proteins to repair the altered DNA; therefore, they cause breast cancer. If these two genes are inherited from a parent, it causes the child to have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Also, exposure to radiation and over consuming of alcohol can cause someone to develop breast cancer

Could early on cancer screenings save a life? Breast cancer can be aggressive, but with the right diagnosis and the right treat, it can be cured. Doctors do sometimes give their patients unnecessary treatments. Some doctors have been known to misdiagnose their patients. Some tests and actions are known to save lives and determine their future. If the right treatment is given, then the cancer can go away.

Every year for the last fifty years the number of cases of breast cancer in women has steadily increased. The only cancer that claims more women's lives in the United States is Lung Cancer.

However, for diagnosis purpose oestrogen, progesterone and HER2 antigen usually used. This marker helps to check the advancement of cancer and treatment to be carried out. Meanwhile, to estimate the outcome of the breast cancer progressiveness, the tumour marker that might involve is CA 15-3 and CA 27.29. Treatment that shows a positive outcome, the reference of serum sample will decrease subsequently. If the value of tumour marker test keeps on maintain high amount, there are chances that the treatment is not working and should be changed with another type of treatment. In addition, for early stage breast cancer that has healed, this tumour marker cannot be used to detect any recurrence cases. Thus, imaging tests can be used to rule out any recurrence breast