Breast Cancer Essay

There are no symptoms at the early stages of breast cancer which makes early detection even more difficult. When tumors become large there is an obvious breast mass which is mostly not painful. Symptoms of breast cancer include breast thickening, skin irritation, tenderness, swelling, breast scales, distortion, redness tenderness, nipple retraction and ulceration, There may also be abnormal discharge.

As the cells change, it begins to divide rapidly causing a tumor to form. The term “breast cancer” refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. Breast cancer can begin in different areas of the breast, or in some cases, the tissues in between. There are many different types of breast cancer, including non-invasive, invasive, recurrent, metastatic breast cancer, as well as the intrinsic or molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in around 20-30% of breast cancer tumors. It is associated with a more aggressive disease, higher recurrence rate, and increased mortality.

Breast cancer is one of the cancer diseases which can be detected early by looking at its symptoms. Symptoms may include a lump or thickening

Breast cancer is an extremely common disease, affecting about 12% of women in the United States. That’s why The American Cancer Society recommends that all women get their regular mammograms every year after age 40. On top of that, women are taught to look out for any unusual lumps or bumps. That way, they can notify their doctors right away and try to catch any suspected breast cancers early. Did you know that besides an obvious lump or mass, there are other signs of breast cancer that are more subtle? Here, we share some more subtle signs of breast cancer that all women should be aware of.

During the course of breast cancer treatments, most patients will undergo radiotherapy. Many women who undergo radiation therapy may develop a skin reaction in the area receiving radiation. The reaction is like sunburn, the skin turns pink or red and there also maybe peeling. The effect of deodorant on breast cancer therapy has generated significant interest in Oncology and in the scientific community. While the exact mechanism linking deodorant use to skin toxicity is yet to be determined there are two hypothesis. One hypothesis involves deodorant acting to increase the concentration of the radiation applied to skin and the other focuses on an adverse reaction between the metallic components and the external radiotherapy. Hardefeldt, Edirimanne,

developing breast cancer, there presence alone does not always result in breast cancer. The two genes that are indicative of breast cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, these genes are not the only indicators of breast cancer, although, there presence carries the greatest chance of development. The other genes that also serve as indicators of possible breast cancer are CHEK2, PTEN, TP53, PALB2, STK11, and CDH1. These genes are extremely significant because the presence or absence of a mutation form can either prohibit or enable the development of breast cancer. CHEK2 is an abbreviation for checkpoint kinase 2 and is responsible for the creation of a protein that suppresses tumor growth. The presence of this gene being mutated doubles the

Cancer is a broad term to describe a disease that the cells grow and invade the health cells in the body. Breast cancer starts in the breast and the damaged cells invade the surrounding breast tissue and can spread to other areas of the body. But if early detected as well as treatment most people are able to carry on living there life. [1]

Introduction Breast cancer is considered as a heterogeneous disorder whose types are variable biologically and associated with various clinical prognoses and therapeutic responses (Burstein et al., 2008). Intrinsic molecular variants of breast cancer, namely luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 positive and basal-like, were found in a complementary DNA microarray study performed on 65 different breast tumors to analyze about 500 genes (Sorlie et al., 2001). These breast cancer variants were commonly approximated by using routine markers into the followingcategories that possessed various prognoses; luminal A: ER+ and/or PR+/HER2−; luminal B: ER+ and/or PR+/ HER2+; HER-2 positive: ER−/PR−/HER2+ and basal-like (basaloid or triple-negative)

Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the tissues of the breast, usually in the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk) (Bradley and Roberts 2002). Breast cancer occurs in both men and women, although breast cancer in men is considered rare (Vona-Davis and Rose 2009) The exact causes of breast cancer are unknown; however, research has shown that women with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop breast cancer. According to(Jack and Holt 2008)), there are about 1.38 million new cases and 458 000 deaths from breast cancer each year. Breast cancer is by far the most common cancer in women worldwide, both in the developed and developing countries. The majority of deaths (269 000) occur in low- and middle-income countries, where most women with breast

Today in the world there are many different types of reproductive cancers. A reproductive cancer I’m going to be writing about is Breast cancer. Yes, its Breast Cancer. According to American Cancer Society (2017) Breast cancer is “Breast cancer starts when cells in the breast begin to grow out of control. These cells usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. The tumor is malignant (cancer) if the cells can grow into (invade)surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. Breast cancer occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get cancer too (pg.1). Although Breast cancer first start in the breast, it can also start from other places surrounding that tissue or area.

During the physical exam, your doctor will check both breasts for lumps and other problems. Depending on your age and the characteristics of the lump, your doctor may recommend one or more of the following tests:

Breast cancer’s a group of cells that are cancer cells called malignant. Malignant is a tumor, which starts in parts of the breast. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women but not as bad of a death for men. Males or females, are born with some breast cells and tissues that have the possibility to turn into cancer cells. (“Definition.”)

Among the most common diseases affecting the female population, breast cancer develops in one of every eight American women. This means that almost 200,000 women suffer from the disease each year. Doctors would advise women to take necessary precautions, such as routine surveillance, in order to ensure a life without obtaining this disease prior to understanding any genetic linkage of breast cancer. Although many external factors contribute to breast cancer, current investigations reveal that five to ten percent of these cases may be attributed to genetic inheritance (Lynch, 1999). This knowledge, an ingenious finding by Mary-Claire King in 1990, linked breast cancer to the long-arm of

The one question that needs to be asked by women is “how can I reduce my risk of getting breast cancer?” because all women are at risk. It is very important that all women know how to lessen their chances of getting breast cancer because women are most vulnerable of developing the illness. It is estimated that over “192,370 women will be diagnosed with and 40,170 women will die” of breast cancer in the year 2009; both the number of diagnoses and deaths can be cut in half if women try to lower their risk of breast cancer (seer.cancer.org). If women do not do something for themselves before developing breast cancer, doctors will not be able to do much to keep them alive after they do develop breast cancer if it spreads. However, by

In 2016, breast cancer was the commonest diagnosed cancer in women with 17 million cases diagnosed and a resultant 5 million deaths. In the Western world, improved treatments and screening programmes have resulted in a 5-year survival of 80-90% (WHO, 2016). However, a third of breast cancer patients are found to have distant metastases at diagnosis, bringing their 5-year survival rate down by 25% (Siegel et al., 2004). Metastasis occurs when tumour cells travel through the vascular or lymphatic system and grow in distant organs, commonly bone, lung, liver and brain.