Breast Cancer Lab Report

Approaching the American breastworks in the pitch-black night was not the most reassuring feeling in the world. True, our forces were far superior to the motley crew of American soldiers that lay before us, but confidence could only do so much for a man in my position. The thought of dying at the hands of these insane, untrained American soldiers crept into my mind and distracted me from my surroundings. Stumbling slightly in the darkness, I stopped dead in my tracks when I realized just how close we were to the breastworks. I held my breath and crouched down, as did many other men around me. All other sounds around us ceased. Slow, cautious movements and near-inaudible whispers came from behind the breastworks. I scanned my dark surroundings

A married couple of 8 years, the Johnsons, have three children. The thing is, even though the Johnsons are married, Mrs. Johnson has been having an affair with a certain Mr. Wilson for the entirety of the marriage, which leads us to this question; are Mr. Johnson’s children actually his, or are they related to Mr. Wilson? A simple blood test can figure this out for us. By using samples of everyone’s blood, it can be determined if the children are not related to Mr. Johnson by seeing if their blood types match. The test involves gathering blood samples of both Mr. Wilson and Mr. Johnson, along with the children and Mrs. Johnson. Antigens in blood can be detected by Anti-serums and if picked up, can tell different blood types apart. For example,

Because there are other modalities that are available that can not only diagnose breast cancer but can diagnose it better than mammography, these other modalities should be considered before resulting to mammography (Raikhlin et al, 2015; Wise, 2015). A case study was conducted by Raikhlin et al between July 2011 and January 2013. The study selected high-risk women, between the ages of 30 to 69 that underwent screening of breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Mammography. The results of Raikhlin et al.2015 study was that malignancy was diagnosed in 13 patients, and of those 13 cancers 12 were detected by MRI and 4 by mammography. Raikhlin et al research shows that MRI can accurately diagnose breast cancer and can detect more than mammography can, and MRI can provide this diagnosis without exposing the patient to ionizing

The patient is usually awake during angioplasty, and chest discomfort may be experienced during the procedure. The patient remains awake in order to monitor the patient symptoms. If symptoms indicate the procedure is causing ischemia the cardiologist may alter or abort the part of the procedure. Bleeding from the insertion point in the groin (femoral artery) and wrist (radial artery) is common, in part due to the use of antiplatelet drugs. Some bruising is therefore to be expected. But occasionally a hematoma may form. This may delay hospital discharge as flow from the artery into the hematoma may continue which requires surgical repair. Infection at the skin puncture site is rare and dissection of the access blood vessel is

The last comparison between the two systems is what helps the radiologist improve a difficult diagnosis. Specifying whether a tumor is malignant or benign can be difficult in some cases. Therefore, the CS and DC point out distinctive characteristics of a malignant or benign tumor. A study was shown to prove that the CS and DC systems most often can differentiate tumors at the same rate. Multiple difficult images were passed through each system to see if their evaluations were

For this assignment I decided to critique a website from the topic breast cancer. I started my search by typing breast cancer in the google engine. I then clicked on page eight until I found a website with a .com. I clicked on the article about breast cancer, then went to website the article was provided by. Critiquing a website can be difficult do to constant evolving of technology. As a result, the accuracy of a website need to be updated continuously. To ensure that your website is . I evaluated the EMedicineHealth website using the Evaluating Internet Research Sources from Robert Harris (Harris, 2010). This consists of an acronym for evaluation CARS (credibility, accuracy, reasonableness, and support). It was with this tool

women normal breast tissue have a density of carcinoma. It very difficult to tell which is

Leukemia is caused by mutations in the bone marrow cells. The cell does not develop properly into a normal mature white blood cell, and becomes cancerous. Abnormal white blood cell is unable to perform its functions. At the same time abnormal cells begin actively proliferate. As a result, the number of cancer cells increases, and they begin to displace healthy cells. This leads to anemia, bleeding, and infection.

However, radiation safety still needs to take into consideration while performing the procedure, due to the use of the ionizing radiation. Since ionizing radiation is considered as a potential risk factor, with might contribute to the develop of radiation induce cancer in the healthy female. The benefit needs to outweighing the harm for the procedure to considered safe. The proper use and operation of the equipment in using of mammographic image follow the principle of ALARA, contribute to the safety of the patients in using mammography as the diagnostic modality. Based on the statics studies, 10 out of 100,000 women might develop radiation-induced breast cancer in their lifetime. Women with radiation exposure dose of 2.5 mGy of ten years, there is a 1% possibility of death due to radiation-induced breast cancer. On the other hand, many lives saved by the early detection and treatment of the breast cancer (Hauge, Pedersen, Olerud, Hole, & Hofvind, 2014). 3D mammography has a significant benefit outweighing the harm, and it is considered a safe imaging modality used in breast cancer detection. The risk of developing radiation-induced breast cancer by using 3D mammography is low. The patient dose by use of 3D mammography in substitute of the routine 2D mammography procedure is below the acceptable safe radiation dose defined by FDA. This low dose radiation to the patient has shown no

In this paragraph, multimodal systems for thermal electromagnetic treatments and real-time temperature monitoring and/or visualisation of the anatomical area of interest are presented emphasising microwave technology. Additionally, novel approaches for combined therapy and diagnosis using non-ionising radiation in a nanoscale level are presented in the last

For several years, it has been my dream to pursue a career in the medical field一particularly as a plastic surgeon. As a junior in high school, I was given the opportunity to witness two cosmetic surgical procedures: an abdominoplasty and a breast augmentation. Of these two, my favorite surgery to observe was the breast augmentation. Reflecting on this experience, I have come to understand that many of the techniques and tools associated with these surgical procedures are closely related to principles of chemistry. In particular, aspects including the use of povidone iodine solution in surgical preparation, the materials of different implants, and the use of implant sizers especially reflect some fundamental concepts of chemistry.

In the United States breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women after skin cancer and is second to lung cancer in causing cancer-related mortality. In the last few decades, greater awareness, early detection and improved treatment options have significantly declined breast-cancer related mortality. Statistics from 2015 indicate that the 5-year survival for localized female breast cancer in above 98%. However, the 5-year survival of patients with distant or metastatic breast cancer is only about 25%. Thus, breast cancer metastasis continues to be a significant hurdle and several agencies are invested in exploring preventive and curative strategies against it.

Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women after lung cancer. In the United States it has been estimated that one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer (DeSantis, Ma, Bryan, & Jemal, 2014). At an attempt to control breast cancer and decrease mortality rates, breast cancer must be diagnosed early. Increased efforts to promote breast self-examinations, provide mammography screening, and improve treatment can aid in decreasing breast cancer mortality rates. The significance of early detection of breast cancer cannot be over emphasized. It improves prognosis, decreases the likelihood of aggressive treatment, and hopefully saves lives.

Examine the breasts and the surrounding areas by doing circular motions and increasing the pressure to examine more than just superficial tissue.

The present study determines the effect of compression over bioimpedance of healthy soft tissue (in-vitro and in-vivo). Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a promising tissue characterization and tumor detection technique that uses tissue impedance or admittance to characterize tissue and identify tissue properties as well as cell structure. Variation in EIS measurements while applying pressure suggests that compression tends to affect soft tissue bioimpedance. Moreover, the displacements in tissue caused by applied compression may provide useful information about the structure and state of the tissue. Thus combining the changes to the electrical properties of tissue resulted by applied compression, with the changes in tissue displacements caused by applied compression, and consequently measuring the effect that electrical and mechanical properties have on each other, can be useful to identify tissue structure. In this study, multifrequency bioimpedance measurements were performed on in-vitro and in- vivo soft tissue at different pressure levels. Increasing compression on the in-vitro tissue results in an increase in both extracellular resistance and membrane capacitance while it causes a reduction in the intracellular resistance. However, as the compression over the in-vivo samples increases, the intracellular and extracellular resistance increase and the membrane capacitance decreases. The in-vivo measurements on human body are also tested on contra- lateral tissue