Breast Cancer

Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma starts in one of the milk ducts in the breast, spreads through the wall of the duct and into the fatty tissue of the breast. Once it has spread outside the duct it is possible to spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system and blood stream. Some signs and symptoms of invasive ductal carcinoma can include: a lump in the breast tissue or armpit area, redness, thickening, irritation or dimpling, breast pain and or swelling, and nipple changes and or discharge. (American Cancer Society, 2014., National Cancer

We have all seen the pink ribbons. They have become a national, if not international symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling attention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of this paper, this paper will be limited to information relating breast cancer in females.

These patients are more at risk of developing sepsis because their immune system may not have the capacity to fight off the infection as the rest of the population (McClelland, 2014). If sepsis develops in a patient, especially a patient who is more at risk, it is important for the nurse to recognize that an infection has developed such as redness, swelling, fever, and drainage. The nurse should assess the patient for possible signs and symptoms of infection including a urinary tract infection, infection in a wound either from diabetes or a surgical wound and presence of a respiratory infection (Bernstein, 2013). An infection can occur anywhere in the body and completing an assessment is important when there is an infection present. If the infection is ignored or not treated, it can become systemic. A systemic infection will destroy the tissue and can eventually reach the blood stream causing a fever, increased heart and respiratory rate, decrease in blood pressure, increase in blood glucose, altered mental status and a severe increase or decrease in WBC. Once treatment has been initiated, how the body responds to the treatment will depend on the severity of the sepsis. If the body does not respond to the rapid fluid replacement or other measures to sustain life, then the patient is in septic shock (McClelland,

Breast cancer is cancerous growth of cells in the breast which can be often felt as lump. It becomes dangerous when the cancerous cells becomes malignant and starts invading other tissues of the body. However, this can be prevented by early detection. The incidence of breast cancer is mostly with females although there are few reports of men suffering from the disease. In most cases, the cells with the ducts of milk glands are often associated and few can arise from other cells of the breast and can be termed as sarcomas as well as lymphomas that are different from breast cancer which is an adenocarcinoma (Al-Hajj, Wicha, Benito-Hernandez, Morrison, & Clarke, 2003). Common type of breast cancer includes ductal carcinoma in situ which is considered non-invasive and not life threatening. The invasive ductal carcinoma is associated with the milk duct and can invade nearby tissues of the breast as well as other body parts through the blood stream. Another form of invasive lobular carcinoma starts from the milk glands and can metastasize. Other less common types includes inflammatory breast cancer, Paget disease, phyllodes tumour and angiosarcoma.

Closing Statements: Before breast cancer struck my mom, I never realized how important and upsetting breast cancer is to the person and their loved ones. When I go with her to her chemo sections I see so many people fighting this disease but

7. HEMATOCRIT VELUE FOR MALE WITH APLASTIC ANEMIA. % WBC FOR MALE WITH APLASTIC ANEMIA. WHERE THE VALUES WITHIN THE NORMAL RANGE? WHY OR WHY NOT?

Cancer occurs as an result of mutations in the genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. Normally, the cells in our bodies replace themselves , healthy new cells take over as old ones die out, but, over time, mutations can “turn on” certain genes and “turn off” others in a cell. That changed cell gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells like it and forming a tumor.

Breast cancer is turning to be one of the top killer women in the world. This kind of cancerous tumor is attacking breast tissue of woman. A disease in which abnormal cells in the breast divide and multiply in an uncontrolled fashion. The cells can invade nearby tissue and can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to others part of the body and start to kill the organ one by one. By giving a breast cancer treatment will decrease the number of population who has this illness. Because so many different women have contracted breast cancer, many forms of treatment have been developed to attend to their specific needs. New research and development in the area of breast cancer allow Americans several

Roughly one in eight women in the United States will develop an invasive breast cancer in their lifetime. In 2016, a projected 246,660 new cases of invasive breast cancer are estimated to be detected, along with an additional 61,000 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer. There are greater than 2.8 million women with a diagnosis of breast cancer in the United States, including women presently being treated and women who have completed treatment. Research developments over the past twenty years have ultimately altered the prognosis of breast cancer care. In recent years, there has been an eruption of life-saving advances against breast cancer. Death rates have declined approximately thirty-six percent, believed to be the product of treatment advancement and earlier detection. This paper is intended for those breast cancer patients who are considering breast-conservation surgery, also known as lumpectomy, followed by intracavitary radiation brachytherapy. Patients must be at least forty years old, with a single primary tumor less than three centimeters, negative surgical margins by at least two millimeters, and be without lymph nodal involvement, to be considered candidates for this form of treatment. Radiation therapy is a highly precise and effective way to extinguish minuscule cancer cells that may have been neglected or undetected during surgery. Radiation is often delivered after breast-conserving surgery to reduce the risk that the cancer will recur in the

This paper will inform you of Breast Cancer. It is the most common form of cancer in women today but thanks to medical advances it is no longer the number one killer of women.

Men Breast Cancer usually starts in the ducts just like women do, in addition, men’s lymph system hit by a cancerous cell can also transport the cancer through the blood stream to other parts of the body. However it is less common because men duct cells are not as developed as females (What is breast cancer in men 2014). 1,500 cases are reported yearly in the United States (Giordano 2002). Considering the amount

Situation: The client is a 50-year-old female teacher who was notified of an abnormal screening mammogram. Diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma was made following a stereotactic needle biopsy of a 1.5 x 1.5 cm lobulated mass at the 3:00 position in her left breast. The client had a modified radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection. The sentinel lymph node and 11 of 16 lymph nodes were positive for tumor. Estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were both positive. Further staging work-up was negative for distant metastasis. Her final staging was stage IIB. Her prescribed chemotherapy regimen is 6 cycles of CAF after a single-lumen central line was placed.

All specialists specialize in different things such as surgery, radiation therapy and others in chemotherapy. Treatment plans are designed to meet needs of people with cancer. Decisions for breast cancer are based on, the stage of the breast cancer. Treatment options for breast cancer are surgery, in most cases a woman would be able to choose which type of breast cancer she would like to do. Although these are the options, breast-conserving surgery, followed by radiation therapy or modified radical mastectomy. Other surgical procedures that may be done include axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy offered in certain situations. Radiation therapy external beam radiation therapy is always given after breast-conserving surgery. It is sometimes given after a mastectomy. Systemic radiation therapy may be asked to be done for women with breast cancer that has spread to large areas of the bone, this is called bone metastases. Chemotherapy is an option for breast cancer that is early stage. The chemotherapy drugs used depend on the stage of breast cancer. Chemotherapy includes many drugs. Breast cancer is mostly treated with an anthracycline, a taxane or both types of drugs. Hormonal therapy is offered for hormone receptor positive breast cancer that is either early stage with a low risk of recurrence, locally advanced, advanced or recurrent, and the type of hormonal therapy offered will depend on whether or not the woman has reached menopause. The type of biological therapy offered will depend on the HER2 status of the breast

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a hereditary immunodeficiency disease characterized by failure of phagocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes) to effectively destroy invading bacteria and fungi. Due to a defect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reactive oxygen species production and lack of bacterial killing, affected individuals are susceptible to serious, potentially life-threatening, bacterial and fungal infections but have normal immunity to viruses. They also experience symptoms associated with chronic inflammation, often granulomatous in nature. The mechanism for granuloma formation remains unclear, but the neutrophilic response persists for an abnormally long period at sources of inflammation and results

Breast cancer has definitely become a serious worldwide health challenge. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), public health data points shows that the global burden of breast cancer in women, measured by the number of times something happens, death, and financial based costs, is large and on the rise. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than one million women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year, and more than 410,000 will die from the disease (GIVE SOURCE). In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), the setup and funds for common examination of medical breast examinations (such as mammography) are often not available. In these settings, breast cancer is therefore diagnosed at late stages and women may receive poor