Breast Cancer Research Paper

¨When you have surgery, this type of surgery is sometimes called partial (or segmental) mastectomy. It is also sometimes called lumpectomy or quadrantectomy. In breast-conserving surgery, only the part of the breast containing the cancer is removed. The goal is to remove the cancer as well as some surrounding normal tissue.This type of surgery is sometimes called partial (or segmental) mastectomy. It is also sometimes called lumpectomy or quadrantectomy. In breast-conserving surgery, only the part of the breast containing the cancer is removed. The goal is to remove the cancer as well as some surrounding normal tissue. How much of the breast is removed depends on the size and location of the tumor and other factors¨

One treatment is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells but can cause side effects of nausea, hair loss, early menopause, hot flashes, fatigue and temporarily lower blood counts. Another treatment is hormone therapy. Hormone Therapy prevents hormones, especially estrogen, from helping cancerous cells in the breast grow and spread. A third treatment, biological therapy, uses the immune system to destroy the cancer cells.

Cancer of the breast is the most common type of non-skin cancer affecting women. It also comes second after lung cancer in the number of deaths among the African-American population in 2017; the American Cancer Society estimated that there would be approximately 252,710 new cases of breast cancer which is considered invasive that will be diagnosed in the United States. More so, nearly 63,410 new cases of (CIS) carcinoma in situ will be detected, and approximately 40,610 women will depart this life as a result of cancer of the breast(Siegel, Miller, & Jemal, 2015).In the United States, the incidence of cancer of the breast is not similar among the African America women and the white. Such that, it has been noted that the

Cancer is started when the DNA in a cell becomes damaged. The mutated cells caused by the damaged DNA rapidly reproduce which can cause tumors to form. There are two types of tumors, benign tumors and malignant tumors. A benign tumor is non-invasive, and an malignant tumor is invasive. Breast cancer generally will form in the lobules or milk ducts. Lobular carcinoma in situ, also called LCIS, is non-invasive. That means the it forms and stays in the lobules. Lobular carcinoma is invasive. That means that it develops in the lobules and breaks through and has a potential to spread to other parts of the body. Ductal carcinoma in situ is non-invasive. It forms and stays in the milk ducts. Ductal carcinoma is invasive and is when ductal carcinoma

Cancer is the abnormal growth of cells, or as cell malignancy. There are various forms of cancer, and mostly,

Cancer involves abnormal cell growth meaning cells that should have died continue to mutate and divide. When they continue to do this they form a tumor or mass of cells in most

Breast cancer is a type of cancer where a malignant tumor is formed in the breast, which continually grows and infects the surrounding tissues [1]. This type of cancer is the most common type of cancer found in women. On average about 26% of women developed breast cancer in 2015 [2]. There are multiple signs and symptoms that can help one become aware if they have the disease. The most prominent key feature is the presence of a lump in your breast or armpit. Such signs may be indicative of breast cancer. In addition changes in the breast and the skin around it are also good indicators. So if the skin around your breast as well as the surrounding nipple becomes puckered or dimpled, it is recommended to go and consult a physician. The inverting or crusting of the nipple may also present as symptoms. However, these are all early onset signs. If the cancer has been in your body for a longer period of time, one might experience things such as bone pain, nausea, weight loss, shortness of breath etc. This is usually an indicative point that the cancer has spread to different parts of the body. If the cancer continues to persist in the body without treatment, it can result in various detrimental effects. The symptoms one may already have are likely to worsen with the addition of new symptoms. Though every cancer differs in its effects and symptoms, the ideology behind it remains the same in that the body is unable to control cell division. Therefore, the cancer will continue to grow

There are over 200 different types of cancer. The cell that is involved determines which cancer it is. Cancer is characterized by rapid cell growth. It is considered the leading cause of death in the world, but it’s the second in the United States.

type of cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system and bloodstream.

Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of the breast cells as a result of mutations or abnormal changes in the genes that are responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. In normal healthy cells our body replaces the old dead cells with healthy new ones through a process of cell growth. When mutations occur certain genes can be turned off or turned on resulting in cells that have the ability to infinitely divide without any rhyme or reason. This produces more cells that are abnormal and eventually leads to the formation of a tumor. Tumors can end up being benign or malignant. Benign tumors are not cancerous, their cells are slightly abnormal and they grow slowly and do not spread to nearby tissues or other parts

All specialists specialize in different things such as surgery, radiation therapy and others in chemotherapy. Treatment plans are designed to meet needs of people with cancer. Decisions for breast cancer are based on, the stage of the breast cancer. Treatment options for breast cancer are surgery, in most cases a woman would be able to choose which type of breast cancer she would like to do. Although these are the options, breast-conserving surgery, followed by radiation therapy or modified radical mastectomy. Other surgical procedures that may be done include axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy offered in certain situations. Radiation therapy external beam radiation therapy is always given after breast-conserving surgery. It is sometimes given after a mastectomy. Systemic radiation therapy may be asked to be done for women with breast cancer that has spread to large areas of the bone, this is called bone metastases. Chemotherapy is an option for breast cancer that is early stage. The chemotherapy drugs used depend on the stage of breast cancer. Chemotherapy includes many drugs. Breast cancer is mostly treated with an anthracycline, a taxane or both types of drugs. Hormonal therapy is offered for hormone receptor positive breast cancer that is either early stage with a low risk of recurrence, locally advanced, advanced or recurrent, and the type of hormonal therapy offered will depend on whether or not the woman has reached menopause. The type of biological therapy offered will depend on the HER2 status of the breast

Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called "blasts". It is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases. Leukemia is believed to be the result of deregulation of normal hematopoiesis. There can be several types of leukemia depending upon the cell type being affected:

Breast cancer is most common in women. A few treatments are radiation, surgery, biological therapy. However, If the tumor is not big, the patient can have surgery to get the cancer removed. However, if the cancer

Leukemia is a type of cancer that has affected individuals for many years. The term Leukemia comes from the greek words white and blood. Many people believe that it many affects children but it also affects adults. Although Leukemia has been found in other genders and races, it is more common for caucasians males to have it then any others. Leukemia effects the human body by creating an excessive amount of white cells in the bone marrow.

According to the American Cancer Society, Each year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer; furthermore Twelve percent of all women will contract the disease, and 3.5% of them will die from breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2005). There are risk factors that may lead to breast cancer. There are 4 stages of breast cancer and several treatments, although treatments vary from types and stages of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who are 40 to 55 years old (Breast Cancer, 2009).Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. It changes from a normal cell to cancerous cells that require gene alterations. Therefore the altered genes and the uncontrolled growth may lead to tumors.