Breathing Exercise Lab Report

FEV 1 (%) will decrease as the airway radius is decreased. FEV 1 (%) is

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

1. Explain the change in ERV with exercise. the ERV decrease with exercise asssuming that the volume of air was exhaled more than being enhaled at the time. 2. Explain the change in IRV with exercise. IRV decreased as well because the amount of air that was supposed to be inhale was very little inhalation during the time of exercising. 3. Explain the change in IC with exercise. IC increase with exercise beacause the subjects were able to allow their lungs to breath. 4. Explain the change in FRC with exercise. The FRC decrease just a little with exercise. 5. Explain why RV does not change with exercise. the ERV decrease with exercise asssuming that the volume of air was exhaled more than being enhaled at the time. 6. Explain why VC does not change with exercise. the vital capacity remain the same because it accumulated the tidal

Four interval times (PR, RT, TP and RR) measured in seconds were recorded both with the subject at rest and after the subject had exercised. The PR and RT intervals remained virtually unchanged with the PR intervals remaining the same both before and after exercise with an interval time of 0.15 seconds, and the RT interval increase by 0.01 seconds from 0.37 at rest to 0.38 seconds after exercise. More substantial changes were noted in TP and RR intervals. The TP interval decreasing from 0.32 seconds at rest to just 0.08 seconds after exercise, a decrease of 0.24 seconds (just 25% of the resting 0.32 seconds). The RR interval decreased from 0.84 seconds at rest to 0.61 seconds seconds after exercise, a decrease of 0.23 seconds

A heart rate monitor could have been used instead of the manual method, which would produce a more accurate result of the heart rate measurement. (http://www.topendsports.com/testing/heart-rate-measure.htm).

The authors then share their analysis on the changes of heart rate and GSR at the many different points throughout their study.

In this assignment I will be introducing a formal report that is based on an investigation into how the body responds to exercise and which analyses the results from the investigation. The investigation involves myself and other pupils in my class. I will be doing the Harvard step test. the other pupils in my class will be monitoring my heart rate, breathing rate and temperature before and after the test.

B. Part B. PowerPhys Experiment 4 – Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output (13 points total)

In addition a small rise in breathing rate and this is called anticipatory rise, this happens when exercising. The average reading for breaths per minute during exercise is 23-30. This shows that with more blood pumping through the body more oxygen is needed to keep the body at a sustainable rate to help our body create more energy. Our breathing rate will keep increasing until

Being knowledgeable about the heart is very important, especially if one is an athlete. This experiment is significant, because it can tell us how important it is for one to keep their heart healthy. It will also tell us how playing a sport can benefit one’s health and the well being of their heart. Our hypothesis says, if the athleticism of a person increases, then the heart rate recovery time will decrease when heart rate recovery in a function of athleticism. The purpose of this project is to see which type of athlete, or non-athlete has the best heart function.

The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.

Ensuring that the patient was relaxed and comfortable I began to take her pulse, using my three middle finger tips to locate the pulse. I did so for 15 second and timed by fore for the next 15 seconds I measured her respiration rate and timed by 4. I did not explain to my patient that I was taking her respirations as looking at her chest may have made her feel uncomfortable and increase her respirations. Her pulse rate ending up being 85 beats per minute and respirations were 15 breaths per minute. These results were within normal range, as her pulse rate was between 80 and 120 bpm and respirations were between 12 and 20 (Tollefson, 2010). The change in pulse and respiration rate can increase during excercise. If a pulse is recorded below 50 bpm the patient can be at risk of a heart attach. A fast pulse exceeding 100 bpm can be a sign of infection or dehydration. This can be detected quickly and appropriate action taken to prevent negative affects on the patient’s well being.

Method and results - The study was compiled of seven female students from the University of Huddersfield. For the exercise a step was used, a polar heart rate monitor was used for each participant with an independent assessor timing the participants, and recording the readings. Results of the study showed there was an increase in heart rate when performing mild exercise.

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.