Brexit Literature Review

With diminishing control of what happens in Britain, the British people decided it was best to vacate the union. The British were dealing with the laws given by the European members who were not living and experiencing the country themselves. To provide an example of a ghastly law given to the British people, they, as part of the European Union, were only allowed to catch 20% of the fish swimming in British territorial waters. What this meant was that tens of thousands of jobs were lost and they were not able to use one of the most significant resources given to them, as Britain is surrounded by ocean. Nigel Farage, Leader of the UK Independence Party, says that his fellow Englishmen, “effectively gave away the ability to look after one of our greatest resources to a bureaucracy based in Brussels.” Because of the way the government was set up, “Not only could the voters not change anything, but the institutes themselves are incapable of reform.” With an already maimed government, the European Union was creating more problems than it was solving. The British people had enough of giving up their rights as British citizens so the European Commission could tell them how to live. Therefore, with problems like those arising from the Union and with no hope to resolve them, Britain filed for secession and pulled out of the union

The decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union has served in reshaping the way politics works in Europe. On June 3rd, 2016 a massive 30 million people came out to vote on the future of their countries. In the end, the vote to leave won 51.9% to 48.1%. Places like England and Wales both voted in favor of the exit, while Scotland and Northern Ireland voted overwhelmingly to stay in. While the long term effects of this decision obviously need time to be observed, the immediate economic impact has been somewhat mixed. The day after the vote was a cause for concern in that “the pound slumped after the referendum - and remains around 10% lower against the dollar and 15% down against the euro” (Wheeler 17). In contrast to this,

The EU has its own currency called the euro which 19 of the 28 European states use. It is run by members of the European parliament, these members set rules that cover a wide range of areas such as rules on transport and business. Once a state becomes a member of the European Union they have a right to withdraw from the Union under the Treaty on the European Union. Article 50 in the Treaty on European Union states, “Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements." If the United Kingdom votes to leave the Union, they would be the first state to ever withdraw their membership.

The UK will benefit the most from leaving the EU, as they will be able to rebuild their economy instead of being apart of the EU, which they’re wanted to leave since they’ve signed the treaty. Instead of being taken advantaged of, they will begin to keep their money that would’ve been spent on their membership. Its citizens hope that this extra money will be given back to them to help with unemployment and other services that they

What is Brexit? Brexit is the shorten way of referring to two words which are “British” and “Exit”. The situation that British exited from European Union. So, what is European Union? According to (Hunt,A. & Wheeler,B. 2016) The European Union - often known as the EU - is an economic and political partnership involving 28 European countries. The EU has a single market which is the agreement between the countries’ member in EU to allow goods, service, money or even people to move freely within the EU. The Single market was to create job employment, increase the trade and lower the prices. Even though, the European Union has many advantages but why British wanted to leave the Union? Because there are some disadvantages that had made British

As soon as the results of the referendum was called the value of the £ had decreased by the most to the rate it was at 1985, evidently causing one of the biggest economical loss in recent British history. Yet, MP’s have demonstrated immense hard work on trying to argue the cause against leaving the EU.

Britain have got themselves in a messy situation but the way forward is not. There are few alternatives they can choose from. One of the options is the Norway option, the Norway option gives the country full access to the single European market without being a fully paid – up member. The Norway model will also mean that Britain becoming members of two key European organisations, the European Economic Area (EEA) and the European Free Trade Association (EEFA).

Britain’s vote to exit from the European Union, termed as “Brexit”, took the world by surprise as polls during the campaigns have shown that 80% of voters will vote to remain in the EU (Erlanger 2016). The Brexit was led by Justice Minister Michael Gove and former Mayor of London Borris Johnson. The main issues were in regards to the nation’s sovereignty and immigration. Proponents believed that the EU had changed its bureaucracy in the past few decades which diminished British sovereignty and influence. Brexit was also favorable to other nation’s parties who were anti Europe , for instance, the French National Front leader, Marine Le Pen (Erlanger, 2016). Opponents of Brexit argued to stay within the EU as it would allow countries of similar minds to have a stronger influence in the world and warned that it would be economically devastating if voters decided

The British voters have spoken on the June 23 referendum that they want their country out of the European Union. The leave side has prevailed with 52 percent voters supporting Brexit, or Britain 's exit, while the remain side getting 48 percent. Some of the political and economic impacts have been already felt in the United Kingdom and registered in Europe and across the world. The others will come as political and economic uncertainties continue.

For the structure of this paper, I will start by highlighting key arguments put forward by Brexiters as they relate to Parliamentary sovereignty. Followed by a comprehensive look at Parliamentary and other types of sovereignty and what they imply, followed by a decision whether the UK will regain power by canceling its membership to the EU.

At the end of June, Great Britain made the decision to leave the European Union. A referendum was held where more than 70 percent of the UK voted(more than 30 million people). It resulted in a 52 to 48 percent win for those in favor of leaving. When dividing the United Kingdom into its sovereign states the division can be seen clearly: England and Wales voted strongly for Brexit, while Northern Ireland and Scotland backed up staying in the EU. Following the decision to leave the European Union, Prime Minister David Cameron resigned his position and British politics went went into chaos. Although the economy was expected to drop it was able to withstand the effect of the decision. However, the pound has dropped to its lowest point in three decades, 1.28. As well as affecting the pound, Brexit has affected Great Britain socially in regards to immigration. In this new environment, some immigrants have reported that they have stopped speaking their native tongue in public. Mothers are worried about their children being bullied at school. Younger immigrants say they fear discrimination over jobs and educational opportunities. The negative effects of Brexit have already began to show as nativist sentiment increases and the pound continues to lose value. It is safe to say that this referendum will be marked in history as it continues to change Britain in the future.

The question is, what is the country risk incurred if the UK remains in the EU? One of the EU regulations restricts its member states to have trade negotiations with non-EU countries. Some critics said that EU regulations has heavily intervened in the UK government which is costly to the UK’s economy (BBC, 2016). The economic benefits from integration comes at the political cost, for instance giving up some of its sovereignty (Dhingra and Sampson, 2016). Without EU regulations, the UK would be able to sign better trade deals with other growing economies that could greatly improve the UK’s economy, for instance China and India.

Brexit, the British decision to leave the European Union, is partly a product of British racism. After the referendum, the British abused and killed several minority people in hate crimes. While the UKIP leader Nigel Farage was openly racist, many Tory leaders also demonstrated that they have always been closet racists.

Britain decided to leave the European Union for economic reasons in what the world has called, “Brexit”; the British Exit. The Prime Minister and many of his supporters believed that the EU was impeding on British sovereignty as well as British interests, such as trade, economic spending, and immigration. This is relevant to Americans because with the recent election, many are comparing Donald Trump’s election to be president to Britain leaving the European Union. It is said that some of Trump’s supporters believed that there needed to be a change. Those people believed that the past governments were also impeding on American sovereignty, along with American trade, economic spending and immigration. So the American “brexit” is seen as the people electing Donald Trump. But the Brexit has had many effects that are not encouraging. It has reduced global economic growth already in the short term, which could extend to the long term and effect global markets more than it has already.

It is precise that we begin by explaining the meaning of the term “Brexit”; it is a portmanteau of the words “Britain” and “Exit”, which was just one of the terms for the results of the 2016 referendum, the other one was “Bremain” (Britain and remain) which was a lot less promoted and controversial. For the 2016 referendum, 52% of the votes went for Britain leaving the European Union, in a poll with 72% of participation, a total of 33.577.342 votes, 17.410.742 for Brexit and 16.577.342 for Britain staying in the European Union (BBC World, 2016). England voted for Brexit, by 53.4% to 46.6%, as did Wales, with Leave getting 52.5% of the vote and Remain 47.5%. Scotland and Northern Ireland both backed staying in the EU. Scotland backed Remain by 62% to 38%, while 55.8% in Northern Ireland voted Remain and 44.2% Leave (Hunt and Wheeler, 2016).