Brief Description Of Technology And Assisted Reproductive Technology

As of 2009, selecting for the sex of a child was already feasible since it requires only identifying an X or Y chromosome, but selecting for nonmedical traits was not due to the amount of genetic material required, and one example has been described where a deaf couple used PGD to select for a deaf baby.

In order for a parent to design their baby, they must take part in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). ART is technology that conducts procedures that will help to achieve a pregnancy (Definitions). One of these procedures, in vitro

Assisted reproductive technologies is “any fertilization consisting of tampering with of gametes/ embryos outside the female body and then putting the gametes/embryos into the female body.” (Donchin 11) These procedures offers a way for several of families who have spent countless time attempting to have a child of their own, but have drained all other possibilities, to do so. The new advancement in reproductive technologies give significant aid to couples who are unable to reproduce, and make many new reproductive arrangements possible. The different options available for adults considering childrearing in unusual ways under new reproductive methods are two-party and third-party assisted reproduction. Assisted reproduction can raise some ethical

Mitchel C. Schiewe, PhD, Ovation Fertility™ Newport Beach Laboratory Director, has recently published a review paper about the development of various assisted reproductive technologies, or ART. Specifically, Dr. Schiewe reviews four technologies.

Hammons, Stacy A. “Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Changing Conceptions of Motherhood?” Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work, Vol.23, No.3, August 2008, pp. 270-280.

Over the years many laws have been developed either in response to certain issues or to protect patients and their unborn fetus. One of the major ethical concerns is multiple births. Since this issue became noticed in the 1980’s many countries issued laws that require facilities to report the number of embryos transferred in an IVF cycle. However, there was no law limiting the amount of embryos transferred. Currently, there are many countries that do have laws restricting the amount of embryos to be transferred, in an effort to reduce the amount of multiple gestations (Brezina & Zhao, 2012). Multiple gestations, even in spontaneous pregnancies result in an increased in birth defects and other health related issues including pre-term babies and miscarriages. However, IVF has a higher chance of causing multiple pregnancies with as many as 8 embryos. Davies et al., (2012) found that “treatment with reproductive technology was associated with increased risks of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, urogenital, and gastrointestinal defects and cerebral palsy” (p.1812).These risks must be considered and explained to the patient before procedures to follow the principle of autonomy. Another major concern with ART therapy is financing. For those individuals who are in high standing money is not an issue. However, others may have a difficult time scraping up the money needed for such procedures. Hagel

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is a method that allows individuals the ability to biologically conceive a child. Individual’s who use the in vitro fertilization method has the opportunity to identify genetic defects in the embryos by using preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PDG) . However, having this ability raises various ethical issues.

The principle of nonmaleficence, to do no harm, in reproductive technology can be applied to the prospective parents and the prospective child-the embryo. The procedures involved in attempting to impregnate a woman can be physically and emotionally damaging, but rewarding if done successfully. But the parties must first determine to what extent and at what cost will they risk to achieve their ultimate goal. It would cause great harm physically to the embryos if there were multiple unsuccessful attempts, but many would argue that the end outweighs the means, that it is worth it if the result was a viable pregnancy and healthy child.

In Vitro Fertilization, or IVF for short, is a medical procedure where an embryo is created outside the body under artificial laboratory conditions . IVF involves a five-step process: ovulation induction, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo development, and embryo transfer 1. In brief, the technique involves using medicine to help stimulate the natural ovary process, increasing the production of eggs. The removal of matured eggs follows and fertilization occurs in a Petri dish 2. The fertilized egg, embryo, is carefully monitored and cultured through incubation for several days and once healthy, is transferred to the uterus of the surrogate for implantation . Because of the unnatural

Assisted reproductive technologies include any fertilization involving manipulation of gametes/ embryos outside the human body and transfer of gametes/embryos into the body. They offer biomedical parenthood to various infertile couples who have often spent years trying to have a child and have exhausted all other avenues to have a child of their own. The new reproductive technologies give great help to infertile couples and make many new reproductive arrangements possible. The possibilities available for couples contemplating parenthood in unconventional ways under new reproductive techniques are two-party and third-party assisted reproduction. Assisted reproduction can raise some ethical concerns such as - the selection of the sex, how to

The topic of whether couples should undergo the usage of various reproductive technologies, especially IVF, for purposes such as selecting the gender of their unborn baby, is an intense ongoing debate. In-vitro fertilisation or for short IVF, was made available in the late 1970’s, in order to assist women who encountered certain forms of infertility that prevented them to give birth and bear children (George, 2005). There are currently various arguments for the use of IVF in choosing the sex of an unborn baby, which include the practical and biological reasons whereas arguments against the usage of IVF involve social and ethical reasons.

associated with the use of advanced assisted reproductive technology (Teays&Purdy, 2001, Bioethics,Justice,&Health Care,p.648).Currently, the number of in vitro fertilization procedures that can be performed by 100 heath-care workers is about 1,000 per year. Any implication of medical and laboratory procedures that could improve results would decrease the number of healthcare workers needed and ultimately lower the cost per procedure (Teays&Purdy, 2001, Bioethics,Justice,&Health Care,p648).

Another type of artificial fertilization is in vitro fertilizations. This is a fascinating topic not only in the way that it is done, but also because of the reasoning behind why it is done. The term in vitro means in glass (class discussion). The process of in vitro fertilizations is long and can put strains on the so to be mother. There are several steps involved with created a test tube baby. First the mother to be has to have an injection of a drug to suppress the natural menstrual cycle (Nordqvist 2016). After that fertility drugs are administered into the woman this will make the ovaries produce more eggs than normal (Nordqvist 2016). The eggs are then removed from the mother and put into a petri dish (Nordqvist 2016). Then the egg will be combined with the sperm from the male and kept in an environmentally controlled place (Nordqvist 2016). The woman is given progesterone to help the lining of the womb receive the fertilized egg (Nordqvist 2016). The best two eggs are selected and placed inside the mother surgically (Nordqvist 2016). From there the mother will carry out the pregnancy as a normal mother would. There are several different reasons for getting this procedure done and some of them might be considered more ethical than others. Also there is a relatively high rate of success for have a child through in vitro fertilization in comparison from those who are infertile and cannot have a child at all. The graph to the above indicates that there are still some

Artificial reproductive technology (ART) is defined as procedures which stimulate a woman 's ovaries to produce eggs, the eggs are then removed, combined with sperm, and then returned to a woman 's body (Bell, 2016). ART is becoming more and more popular throughout that globe. This method of conceiving children gives women who may be struggling with infertility options that were not possible before the advent of such methods. ART is relevant to the sociological definition of global health because it is evidence of the fact that our world has become interdependent especially when it comes to medical technology. However with ART comes the notion of the culture of disguise and in many countries this is an integral part of artificial reproductive technology process. With that being said, sociologists should look to study and understand the culture of disguise in ART as it pertains to global health and it shapes interactions between people and the society they live in.

What is the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)? According to the Perla who is the author of “ Is in vitro fertilization for older woman Ethical?” article, the IVF is the process of uniting between sperm and ovum under certain condition in laboratory. This technique is used when a woman is unable to bear children. It is a process that required chemical methods to stimulate a female’s ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Then these eggs are removed and incubated with sperm. After fertilization and formation of zygote, the zygote is placed inside a woman’s uterus to grow. IVF is complex and expensive process. Only 5 % of infertile couples have used this method. However, since the IVF and other similar techniques are introduced in the United States in 1981, these methods have led to birth of more than 200,000 in infants. IVF is not always the first step to have a baby. This technique uses when using fertility drugs,