Brief Outline Of The Treaty Of Tordesillas (1492)

Throughout history, as we study Spain we can clearly recognize high and low points in their success. In the fifteen hundreds Spain had no influence on European affairs, Spain essentially vanished out of Europe. However, within one complete century Spain had become not only a leading power but they also had a great sense of effectiveness in Europe. Spain experienced a Golden age with many social, economic, political aspects. On the other hand, within

de la Casas describes the second voyage that he embarked upon with Columbus. He described how each island was depopulated and destroyed. His observations of the land were no so descriptive of the native people and the land, but of the gruesome images the Spanish painted upon the Indies. de la Casas says, “…the Indians realize that these men had not come from Heaven (9).” He goes into detail about how the Christians would take over villages and had no mercy describing one particularly crude act to show how ruthless the Spanish were. He says, “Then they behaved with such temerity and shamelessness that the most powerful ruler of the islands had to see his own wife raped by a Christian officer (9).” The Spanish were so coward and angry anytime an Indian was actually capable of slaying a Spanish man that a rule was made; for every Christian slain, a hundred Indians would die. Natives were captured and forced to work jobs like pearl diving where they would very rarely survive due to man eating sharks or just from drowning and holding their breaths

In A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, Bartolomé de Las Casas vividly describes the brutality wrought on the natives in the Americas by the Europeans primarily for the purpose of proclaiming and spreading the Christian faith. Las Casas originally intended this account to reach the royal administration of Spain; however, it soon found its way into the hands of many international readers, especially after translation. Bartolomé de Las Casas illustrates an extremely graphic and grim reality to his readers using literary methods such as characterization, imagery, amplification, authorial intrusion and the invocation of providence while trying to appeal to the sympathies of his audience about such atrocities.

-Treaty negotiated by the pope in 1494 to resolve the territorial claims of spain and Portugal.

For this essay I will be talking about the book “A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies” by Bartolomé de Las Casas. Whom wrote this to the King of Spain, Prince Philip II, in 1542 to protest what was happening in the New World to the native people. I will be explaining many things during this essay. The first thing I will go over is what the books tells us about the relationship between Christianity and the colonialism. The second thing I will talk about is if it was enough to denounce the atrocities against indigenous people. Next, if it is possible to

Ethnocentricity is being centred on a specific ethnic group, usually one's own. An example of ethnocentricity in the public services is in training. Every public service member is taught to not let ethnocentric views affect their behaviour towards others. Currently there has been no media reporting’s of ethnocentricity within the UK public services.

In document C, Christopher Columbus describes a land that he has discovered an island called Hispana to Spanish Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella in 1494. The land is vast filled with trees, plains, animals, honey and varieties of metal. These lands made it very suitable for farming, planting, and building houses. Columbus also says “This Hispana, moreover, abounds in different kinds of spices, in gold, and in metals.” Columbus is describing to the Monarchs that there are vast amounts of material in the New World that the Spaniards would find useful to them. When King Charles V creates The New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians, this makes the Indians seem more protected and comfortable with Spain. This leads to being generous towards the Spanish and giving them the goods that they need. On the other hand, while the Iberians get what they want in the trading with the Indians, they can give them items that don't have much value for them, but to the Indians they seem valuable (Document D). The strong Spanish military also helped the expansion of trading and goods in the New World such places like Mexico (Document G). The Iberians could also decide to take these goods by force. In document I, an Indian portrays an image of a European kicking an Indian in the neck with a chest on her back. This displays the the

Conquistadores – 16th century, Spanish conquerors flooded the Americas in search of riches, and conquered ancient civilizations such as the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans.

3. Treaty of Tordesillas: It was a treaty intermediated by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, and it settled competing claims to the Atlantic discoveries between Spain and Portugal. It gave everything to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic to Spain and everything to the east of the line to Portugal.

Peter Mancall opens with Columbus, who received funding from the Spanish crown in order to explore the Americas. He claimed the new land he found for Spain, and his voyage represented the competition between European powers. These leading powers needed to stay ahead of each other, and had to be careful not to anger the Catholic Church. Europe was split into multiple provinces over effective “nation-states”, and everyone was competing with each other. Europeans also attempted to overtake Jerusalem in the thirteenth century, and were able to trade with Middle Easterners and raid other places on their way. In 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain took back Iberia, and in 1493 Pope Alexander VI gave Spain the Bull of Donation, allowing them to colonize the Americas. This led to the Treaty of Tordesillas, which split the world in half between Portugal and Spain, giving each side one of the halves. Conquistadors from Spain overran the Aztecs and Incas, and explored the southwest. They found gold and silver, but also destroyed ancient cultures in the process. France in the 1500s sent Jacques Cartier to explore; he went through the St.Lawrence Valley and took part of Canada for France. In 1608 Samuel Champlain founded Quebec. In 1609 Henry Hudson (English) failed to find the Northwest Passage, but sailed up a river, now named after him. The Dutch soon laid claim to the area and titled in New Netherland. England also searched for the Northwest Passage,

•Conquistadors – Conquistadors were Spanish or Portuguese explorers, who would sail to areas across the world (mostly new areas in the western hemisphere) and conquer those territories. The influence this had on cultural diffusion was huge because of the new trade routes developed by this, and the interaction between the native people and European peoples.

In Mary Rowlandson's A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Rowlandson, ethnocentric bias is clearly evident throughout the entire narrative. Ethnocentrism is the judgment of other cultures according to the standards of one's own cultural values or being closed-minded about the lifestyle of another ethnic and/or cultural group. Mary Rowlandson's narrative has many examples supporting the notion that Puritans are ethnocentric in their worldview.

The people on the island had no clue what a sword was so they would cut themselves when they would touch the blade. Christopher Columbus thought it was going to be easy if needed to fight with them. They had no way of protecting themselves. He and his men ended up killing these poor people little by little. Even when they tried to help them out by directing them to find gold or help them when they got hurt. On his trip when he arrived in Hispaniola the Taino people living on the island welcomed and were gentle with him and his men. When Columbus left the island he left forty of his men and those men raped and fought the Tainos after they helped them out.2 On his second trip Columbus set up a permanent colony and again his men raped, stole gold ornaments and food that provoked war with the Tainos. The Spanish killed tens of thousands out of population and the ones who did survive the Spanish ended up chopping off their hands if they did not provide their allotment.3 At the end the Spanish wiped out the islands either by killing the people or they left to surrounding countries.

A concept that has helped me to understand the social world is ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is defined as the attitude that one 's own culture is the best and others are inferior. On the micro level, it is now clear to me that I have demonstrated ethnocentrism in my dealings with individuals and this might account for some of the problems that have come about in individual friendships. On the macro level, ethnocentrism has helped me to understand why world peace is so elusive.

The Spanish conquest of the West Indies was a strategic economic plan coordinated by the desires of three parties. Christopher Columbus knew the Spanish crown was in desperate need of a trade route to India. When Columbus reached the West Indies it became clear to him that obtaining gold from the natives, peacefully or forcefully, would be an easy source of wealth. The crown, pleased with Columbus’ findings, funded further expeditions which eventually opened the opportunity for merchants to make economic gains in the West Indies. The Spanish crown quickly lost interest in a trading route to India as voyages to America continued to supply not only wealth but labor and land for the Spanish to rule over. Merchants back in Spain also helped fund the conquests by supplying equipment, tools, and slaves in return for gold. These multiple interests all allowed the Spanish to exploit the natives of the West Indies for their own financial gain with no remorse for life or morality.