Brief Summary: Judaism

The history of Jews in host cities often depict a story of success or of failure when it comes to relations between the Jews and the Christians in Europe. Historian Jonathan Elukin, author of Living Together, Living Apart, presents the integration as a success process with rare, and special cases, of failure. On the other side of the spectrum is historian Raymond P. Scheindlin. Scheindlin’s novel, A Short History of the Jewish People, presents many cases of integration between the Christians and Jews that led to massacres and brutal endings for the Jewish community. There are many monumental events that take place during the long span of time that oversees European Jewish history, and both historians study and evaluate the events, however, they do so through different lenses.

The eight-day Jewish festival known as Hanukkah or Chanukah remembers the rededication amid the second century B.C. of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, whereas per legend Jews had ascended against their Greek-Syrian oppressors in the Maccabean Revolt. Hanukkah, which signifies "commitment" in Hebrew, starts on the 25th of

Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah heads the year of Jewish festivals and traditions. Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year and is usually celebrated for two days in September or October, depending on when it falls in the Hebrew calendar. Rosh Hashanah celebrates the creation of the world and is a time for reflection and self evaluation. It is celebrated on the first day of the seventh month (the month of Tishri). Rosh Hashanah is celebrated by Orthodox Jews everywhere and is one of the Jewish tradition's holiest days.

Traditions are a constant in every culture. A tradition is considered a long-established or inherited way of thinking or acting (Shiraev & Levy, 2013). Jewish traditions include holidays, such as Yom Kippur, Hanukah, Shabbat, Passover, wedding ceremonies and receptions, and bar or bat mitzvahs. Beth explained and described Yom Kippur’s history and importance. Yom Kippur, also known as the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day of the year for the Jewish people. It signifies atonement and repentance. It is a 25-hour period of fasting and prayer,

“Day of Atonement”. It is considered the most holy day of the year and is

Many Jewish traditions reflect the importance of the history of Judaism because they celebrate of honor events of the past. For example, Purim in a minor holiday that celebrates the saving of the Jews of Persia from on official names Haman who desired to exterminate the Jews.

In the first 150 years CE the Jews rebelled twice against the Roman leaders. Jews had lost both of these events and had lost a lot of their freedom. In 70 CE, this revolt led to the destruction of the Temple ,and brought an end to the temple worship. The second revolt occurred in 132 CE. The result of this revolt was the death of hundreds of thousands of Jews, enslaving thousands of others, and banning of Jews from Jerusalem

Yom Kippur is a Hebrew name meaning the Day of Atonement. It is the holiest days in the Jewish Calendars that marks a day of fasting, prayer, and collective confession. It begins in the sunset of Tuesday, October 11, 2016, and ends at the nightfall of Wednesday, October 12, 2016. They totally do not eat food as it is a day of fast. Children younger than 13 years old and the ill are the only people allowed to eat. In addition to all the activities involving fasting, other activities entail no drinking, washing, no having sexual relationships, no wearing leather materials. It is a day when the Jewish go to the Synagogues to pray and read the book of life. Other go to memorial services called the Yizkor to honor the dead relatives. It is symbolized by white clothing and sneakers groomed with a dress. The official greeting is Shanah Tovah or hatima tovah meaning Happy New Year in Hebrew (Olitzky et al. 143).

The Jewish calendar is actually both lunar and a solar calendar. The Jewish calendar uses each new moon for one new month. And each complete

Rosh Hashanah is a Jewish festival that means “Head of the Year”, or “First of the Year”. It can also be called the Jewish New Year. It celebrates the creation of man and woman, (Adam and Eve) and lasts ten days. This celebrating begins on the first day of Tishrei, the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar, and month on the Jewish calendar that falls between September and October. Along with Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah is one of the two most holiest days of the Jewish religion. The name “Rosh Hashanah” is not used in the bible, and instead, it is used under different names. It is referred to as Yom HaZikaron, the day of remembrance, or Yom T'ruah, the sounding of the shofar. A shofar is an instrument made from the horn of a ram that is played

The seven Jews celebrate seven important holidays throughout the year. These holidays represent occasions where God steered the Jews down the right path. These holidays include Shabbat, Purim, Passover, Yom Kippur, Hanukkah, Rosh Hashana, and Shavuot. These holidays come around every year. They all involve their own ceremonies and customs. Jews all around the world take part in the festivities. More importantly, these holidays depict how and why people of Jewish value these celebrations.

• The Building of the first Jewish Temple by King Solomon 3,000 years ago, which stood in all its glory for 410 years, before its destruction by ancient Babylon in 434 BCE.

about four thousand years ago, and came to be known by King Hammurabi of Babylon. Even

Marley Two important more modern events in Judaism’s history are the Holocaust, from 1939 to ‘45, in which over

Over thousands of years, the religion of Judaism has evolved. With years of suffering, persecution, and dispersion the Jews’ religion stays constant. When researching the religion, the history is extremely strong, and the doctrine of the religion dates back thousands of years. With such a vast history, one might want to examine the change into modern society.