British Columbia 's Coastal Temperate Waters

Scientists split these ice area into four sea ice ecoregions: Seasonal Ice, Polar Basin Divergent Ice, Polar Basin Convergent Ice, and Archipelago Ice (Amstrup, S.C., Marcot, B. G., & Douglas, David C., 2008). Seasonal Ice occurs in the southern part of the polar bear's range. Areas include Canada's Hudson Bay, where the ice melts each summer and the bears must wait for the ice to refreeze in the fall until they can hunt again. In Polar Basin Divergent Ice areas, sea ice forms along the shore but then retreats, especially in summer. Polar Basin Convergent Ice is ice formed in other parts of the Arctic that collect along the shore of these habitats, providing polar bears with access to seals. Archipelago Ice is located in northern lands like the islands in the Canadian High Arctic and Greenland. Even in summer, sea ice remains along the coast providing hunting grounds for the

Primary producers produce their own nutrients, and make their own food through photosynthesis. Those organisms are plankton and sea weeds. The second on trophic levels are the secondary consumers such as smaller fish and sea urchins. Third on the trophic levels are decomposers. Decomposers are lobsters and sea turtles. Tertiary consumers are the top of the food chain, they are sharks and bigger fish. Predation is major in a coral reef because there is so much food supply. Mimicry is used to keep the predators away but wearing bright

Like how seasons are the changes on land, they can also be apply to oceans in temperate latitudes. The most productive seas on the planet are the seasonal seas because they border the temperate parts of the world where conditions change throughout the year. The power of the sun is constantly changing; hence there are different seasons even under the seas due to the different in sunlight radiation. In the far north, summers are warm and gentle, while winters are wracked by savage storms. Sable Island, southeast of Nova Scotia in the Atlantic Ocean is home to the world’s largest colony of gray seal, about 100,000 seals come to breed here each year. The climate at this location is heavily influenced by the sea and being located in the path of major frontal storms and cyclones, precipitation is high. Around March, the seas have warmed enough to trigger phytoplankton to appear. Phytoplankton is tiny algae, each smaller than a pinhead. During this time of the year, phytoplankton reproduces with an amazing speed and produces more annual growth than all the parts on land together. They

Dorothy Van der Peet, a member from the Stó:lō nation, was charged for selling the fish obtained under the authority of an Indian fish license. Her conduct was contrary to s. 27(5) the British Columbia Fishery Regulations. During the trial and appeal court processes, Van der Peet has been argued that the custom of selling the fish constituted as an aboriginal right which was protected by s. 35 of the Canadian constitution. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) rejected her argument and ruled that the act of selling fish for money did not constitute as an aboriginal right under the constitution (Van der Peet, 1996).

The data from our experimental design supports the idea that the pH in the Chesapeake Bay is decreasing and becoming acidic. Our team used the following materials to test this idea:

Mr. Hollis is enrolled FULLTIME AS A CANDIDATE for a Doctorate of Philosophy, Oceanography and Coastal Sciences at Louisiana State University in the Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences.

The organisms in the Tampa Bay Food web are either producers or consumers. The producers such as plants in the water convert energy from the sun into carbon energy. Because these producers convert sunlight to food energy via chemosynthesis they are called primary producers. Microscopic Algae is a primary producer similar to sea grass (an aquatic plant) another primary producer. The terminology, primary producers and the term autotroph are synonymous. Primary consumers are also called hetertrouphs. Heterotroughs are categorized into four groups or types: Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores and Detrivores. Herbivores are organisms that eat primary producers, Carnivores are organisms that eat herbivores and are considered secondary consumers. The omnivore eats both the herbivore and the carnivore and is considered to be a tertiary

An estuary system is “the resulting collisions of sweet and salt-fresh river water flowing seaward and ocean water inland.” It is an aquatic system where salt and freshwater are constantly mixing. An estuary system is one of most active systems of the planet; it is a hybrid system that contains the best and worst qualities of the ocean, river, and lake systems it conglomerates. Estuaries are unique in nature because of their ability to be the most productive ecosystem on the entire planet; humans have attempted and failed to reach the productivity that estuaries naturally grant. There productivity lies it the constant change that occurs from the conflicting flows of fresh and ocean water. Ocean and freshwater are measured largely based on salinity, or the level of parts of salt per thousand. Ocean water usually has around 35 parts per thousands of salt water, while freshwater

Apalachicola Bay is wide estuarine system located in Florida panhandle and covers an area about 539 km2 (Figure-1). The bay is relatively shallow with an average depth of 3.0 m. It is one of the most productive natural systems in North America and highly recognized by the state, federal and international organizations for its pristine water quality and unaffected estuarine habitats (ANERR, 2008). Apalachicola bay and its barrier islands were formed by deltaic processes of Apalachicola River, which is one the unpolluted alluvial system left in the United States. The bay is surrounded by four barrier islands, St. Vincent Island, Little St. George Island, St. George Island and Dog Island. The water exchange

The above mentioned habitats are crucial because it support priority species in the Bay. Although more than 3,600 different species of plants and animals live in the tidal waters of the Bay, there are priority species that shall be protected. The most important keystone species are the Blue Crab, the Oysters, the Bald Eagle and the Black Duck. Keystone species are valuable components at the community scale because they maintain biodiversity and influence critical ecological process (Peck, 1998:34). Blue crabs not only

To look at the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, we will be referencing the food web created by Laws.

The ocean is 70% of the earth's surface. There are 5 ocean biomes in the world. The ocean is made up of salt water. The seaweed is the producer. The penguin is a carnivore and the penguin eats or gains the energy from the squid. The elephant seal is a carnivore and also eats and gains the energy from the squid. The squid is a carnivore and gains the energy from the crab. The crab gains the energy from the seaweed and the crab is an omnivore.The crab also eats seaweed.Algae is also in this ecosystem and is a producer. The animal in the woof web are all consumers

Different statistics have been calculated revealing the extent of mixotrophs in the environment and their resulting effect on the food web. A study by Dolan and Pérez found that mixotrophs represent “on average about 30% of oligotrich numbers” in the ocean and are a “generally minor component of oligotrich communities” (Dolan and Pérez, 2000). However, recent research by Leles et al. shows that mixotrophs represent “approximately 40% of total ciliate biomass” and even influence the biological carbon pump (Leles et al., 2017). In addition, Gast et al. found that mixotrophs “can have significant impact on polar food webs” (Gast et al., 2014). These contradicting statements regarding the importance of mixotrophs in the oceanic food web show the need for further research on exactly what and how they contribute to the ecosystems they populate. Nevertheless, most scientists agree that mixotrophs do impact the oceanic biomes in some

Since the beginning of the human race, the ocean has been a major source of food. People near the shores have been taking of advantage of the ocean’s rich and diverse source of nourishment for centuries, both as a source of food and a livelihood. However, since the dawn of the industrial age, humans have begun to take from the ocean more that it can give. As a result, the ocean can no longer provide the human race with the abundance that it once did. As technology rapidly advances, populations skyrocket, and global warming spreads havoc, the ocean’s biodiversity and once abundant supply of fish is dwindling, calling marine scientists and experts to race to find solutions that will restore the oceans health while battling world hunger.

The world we live in is so vast and exciting. Seventy percent of our world is liquid water we call the ocean. In the ocean there are many creatures that each are unique in their own way. However, it is possible that in our lifetime, many marine organisms will become endangered or possibly extinct. The loss of these mejestic marine creatures will be caused mainly because of human advancements in which fossil fuels are used to produce energy. Biodiversity is greatly affected by this increase in acidity. As the ocean acidifies, multiple social and economic issues arise. As humans, we rely on the ocean for almost everything. Much of our food, clothing, cleaning products and cosmetics come from the ocean. With the loss of