Brotherhood Of Evil : The Mafia

For many years, drugs have been the center of crime and the criminal justice system in the United States. Due to this widespread epidemic, President Richard Nixon declared the “War on Drugs” in 1971 with a campaign that promoted the prohibition of illicit substances and implemented policies to discourage the overall production, distribution, and consumption. The War on Drugs and the U.S. drug policy has experienced the most significant and complex challenges between criminal law and the values of today’s society. With implemented drug polices becoming much harsher over the years in order to reduce the overall misuse and abuse of drugs and a expanded federal budget, it has sparked a nation wide debate whether or not they have created more harm than good. When looking at the negative consequences of these policies not only has billions of dollars gone to waste, but the United States has also seen public health issues, mass incarceration, and violent drug related crime within the black market in which feeds our global demands and economy. With this failed approach for drug prohibition, there continues to be an increase in the overall production of illicit substances, high rate of violence, and an unfavorable impact to our nation.

Is drug testing an unwarranted invasion of employee privacy? Which is more important--getting drugs out of the workplace or protecting the privacy of the employee?

Mafia 2, a game created by 2K Czech, starts you off as a character named Vito Scaletta, who quickly learns that his dead father left his family in massive debt. Hoping to make money, Vito turns to Joe, who introduces him to Henry Tomasino, an inducted member of the Mafia working for mob boss Alberto Clemente. Working under Henry, Vito is introduced to a real life of crime. Though he is able to pay his father's debt, Vito is soon arrested for illegally distributing ration stamps, and is sentenced to ten years in prison. In prison, Vito falls in with the crowd of Leo Galante, consigliere for another mob boss, Frank Vinci. Galante is able to take nearly four years off of Vito's sentence, and he is released in 1951. Once out, Vito meets up with

This is written as if not a call to action, then a call to galvanize. The purposes of this report is to enable readers to through empirical and contextual description see the war on drugs for what is really is: a public relations ploy whose end results are not fighting drugs, but

Contributing to these drug issues throughout America are multiple street gangs, drug cartels and drug lords. These groups to transport illegal drugs into America, to sell them illegally on the streets, for a very hefty profit. High crime profiled states and cities such as, New York, Baltimore, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Chicago host some of America’s most notorious gangs, cartels, and drug lords. The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the life of a notorious Baltimore drug lord, by the name of Anthony Ayeni Jones, and how a life of drugs effected his personal life, caused criminal actions, and resulted in court trials and a life sentence in prison.

Law enforcement officers are known to “hunt for property or communications believed to be evidence of crime, and the act of taking possession of this property,” also known as conducting a search and seizure. It is a necessary exercise in the ongoing pursuit of criminals. Search and seizures are used to produce evidence for the prosecution of alleged criminals. Protecting citizens from arbitrary searches, the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution is our right to limit and deny any unreasonable search and seizure. More often than not, police officers tend to take advantage of their authority by the use of coercion. Although it is unlawful, most citizens do not know what police officers can and cannot do in respect of their human rights.

We Americans are very fortunate that we have one of the top ten amendments that grant us the right to our privacy not being violated. The Fourth Amendment search and seizure clause focuses primarily on privacy; and this is enforced to ensure that citizens are protected against unreasonable searches and seizures. It also does not matter what level of law enforcement jurisdiction an officer is apart of, whether it be State or Federal they are not allowed to violate this right. This particular amendment has been ameliorated many times, and that is to meet the needs of the American people. This paper shall discuss the following: the history and purpose of the Fourth Amendment, an explanation of whether or not the United States requires police to

The fourth amendment commands the use of warrants. As previously stated, warrants usually consist of three elements to meet the fourth amendment standard. This standard is important to uphold so that in fact evidence can be permissible in court. I believe the knock and announce rule is a truly effective procedure because this standard can protect officers from injury and more than likely preserve physical evidence from being destroyed. This is also a valuable tool in preventing a high risk target from escaping the scene. As follows, searches incident to arrest does not require a warrant if the search is in the radius of the suspect. The officer may search the surrounding area for illegal contraband or weapons. Ultimately, to protect the officers around as well as to collect valuable evidence. As for motor vehicle stops, these instances typically do not need a warrant if the officer is to believe under reasonable suspicion illegal substances are being concealed within the vehicle. The standard of privacy is lower because the vehicle is out in public and thus is at greater risk of being searched. Wyoming v. Houghton is an interesting case involving a motor vehicle search. The defendant, Houghton was charged with felony possession of methamphetamine. However, being that the officer suspected the driver of suspicion, the officer had no entitlement to search the defendant’s purse for contraband; ultimately, violating the

By the late 20th century the Mafia's role in U.S. organized crime seemed to be diminishing. Convictions of top officials, defections by members who became government witnesses, and murderous internal disputes thinned the ranks. In addition, the gradual breakup of insulated

Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs with various other law enforcement and intelligence gathering agencies, including the ODALE, was given the responsibility of enforcing the nation’s federal drug laws. It’s enormous sphere of influence is reflected in its Mission Statement which states among other things; “The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States, or any other competent jurisdiction, those organizations and principal members of organizations involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States…”(15) The DEA was designed as an American agency with an international agenda.

are search incidents to a valid arrest, stop and frisk, automobile search, consent search, plain view search and exigent circumstances” (Siegel & Worrall, 2013). First, search incidents to a valid arrest means that an officer has the right to search an arrested suspect, and the immediate area of the arrestee that is under his or her control (Siegel & Worrall, 2013). Second, if an officer thinks that there is reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is occurring, he or she has the authority to stop and frisk an individual. For example, a person that turns around and runs after spotting the police would justify the police to conduct a stop and frisk. If any thing illegal is found, an arrest can be made and a search incident can be performed (Siegel & Worrall, 2013). Third, because cars are mobile there is chance evidence may be lost if a search is not performed right away. Therefore, an officer can conduct an automobile search without a warrant if he or she has reason to believe the car was involved in a crime (Siegel & Worrall, 2013). Additionally, if the officer feels that his or her safety is at risk, the officer can lawfully order the passengers to exit the car and conduct a limited search. However, the search is usually limited to only the immediate vicinity of the driver (Siegel & Worrall, 2013). Forth, a consent search can occur if a suspect voluntarily waives his or her constitutional rights, which allows the officer to conduct a search without any probable cause or warrant (Siegel & Worrall, 2013). Fifth, an officer does not need a warrant if he or she can freely see evidence that is in plain view (Siegel & Worrall, 2013). For example, if an officer can clearly see marijuana growing in a field, a warrant is not needed to seize the

The most obvious and one the most discussed disadvantage to the drug-testing systems is the invasion of privacy it presents. Despite most of the court of laws have held that the drug-testing system should be mandatory in a corporate world, some people still think it to be an invasion of privacy. There is a notion that most of the employees have towards their employers, which is that by drug-testing systems the employer is trying to judge the employee based on what they do in their personal time and finds that this system violates their privacy on various levels. They feel this way, because according to the employees, these activities should have no impact on their performance and that this diminishes their personal privacy, which leads them to judge their employers. In some cases, the employer may think that performing such drug-testing on them not only diminishes their personal privacy, but also sometimes is done for a ‘symbol’s case’, which was found in the Chandler v. Miller, 520 U.S. 305 (1997), where the Supreme Court found that a Georgia statute, that required the candidates for the state offices to certify that they had been tested negative on the drug testing urinalysis, was unconstitutional. The statute applied in this case was that “Special need for drug testing must be substantial-important enough to override the individual’s acknowledged privacy interest, sufficiently vital to suppress the Fourth Amendment’s normal requirement of individualized suspicion”. The verdict, on the basis of the statute, stated that the law which was introduced by the state to show its commitment to fighting the challenge of drug abuse ‘diminishes personal privacy for a symbol’s sake’, as the state had failed in its endeavor to find a special need, reasonable enough to overpower an employee’s privacy interests. This verdict was

The Italian Mafia in the U.S. can trace its origins all the way back to the Sicilian Mafia which was founded in Sicily during the 1800’s (Italian Organized Crime). After thousands of years of different armies with different nationalities conquering Italy and exploiting its people, the Sicilians became to be more clannish and family focused. Originally they were just resistance fighters that were protecting their friends and family. They were relied on for protection, justice, and survival. Nobody cared if they got money from it because it came from the oppressive authorities. Members of these groups were known as “Men of Honor” and they were well respected and even admired because they looked out for their family and kept silent sometimes even unto death. They didn’t become an organized crime group until the 1920’s however (Italian Organized Crime). It was around this same time that the US began to see what later became La Cosa Nostra or “our thing,” better known as the American Mafia which was aided by the “thousands of Italian organized crime figures, mostly Sicilian Mafiosi” who came to the United States illegally (Italian Organized Crime). The modern American Mafia is credited to Charles “Lucky” Luciano who came over in the 1920’s (Italian Organized Crime). Luciano structured La Cosa Nostra just like their Sicilian

Imagine living in a world where crime ruled. A world where gangsters were more powerful than politicians, owned the police, and ran the city in whatever way they felt. They robbed whom they wanted and killed when they didn't get their way. Now stop imagining and realize that this happened here in the United States of America in the 1920's. It was run by an organization made up mainly of Italians called the Mafia.

Within American borders, directly before and after the Panama Invasion, President Ronald Reagan started and pushed for a “Drug-Free America”, initiating the “War on Drugs”. Created in 1973, the Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, was facing an uphill battle in its beginning because “at no time before or since has drug use as socially acceptable as it was during the 1970’s” (Knight). The DEA was stationing itself at borders,