Brown vs. Board of Education

Board of Education” case. This case took place in 1954, in Topeka, Kansas. Linda Brown was a third grader, who had to walk a mile every day in order to get to her segregated school. She lived 7 blocks away from an all white school. Her father decided to put the schoolboard on trial. Linda’s parents were very well respected in their community. This shows this no matter what your character was in that time, court trials will go against you because of your skin color. The case became a class action suit, involving 5 states; therefore, reaching the supreme court. It was a major landmark in the reversing of the longtime of legal segregation. Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote on May 17th, 1954 that segregation “generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to be undone” (People & Events). The statement “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” was a push for black rights movements. In the Tom Robinson case, even though he was found guilty, the jury had to think a little bit longer about his verdict. It was a step in the right direction, as the “Brown V Board of Education” trial was. Both trials focused around legal and internal racism. Brown V Board of education was more of a civil justice issue, while Tom Robinson’s case was based on false accusation. This situation is similar to Tom’s because both Linda and Tom were

Board of Education, resulted in the overturning of the “separate, but equal” doctrine under the realization that separation is what took away the equality. In the early 1950s, schools in Topeka, Kansas segregated people by race, leaving Linda Brown and her sister to walk through a hazardous railroad switchyard to get to the bus stop for their school. There was a school closer to where they lived, however, it was an all white school. Linda and her family saw the segregation systems as a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment and took it to court. Federal district courts claimed the segregation was harmful to African American youths, however due to the similar qualities the all-black and all-white schools shared, it was deemed fully constitutional under the “separate, but equal” doctrine. The case was taken to the Supreme Court and the court expressed that even though the schools shared similar facilities, segregated schools could never be equal. As such, the “separate, but equal” doctrine was overruled as it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision resulted in the precedent that any laws that segregated people, no matter how similar their facilities may be, was unconstitutional.(Paraphrased from www.streetlaw.org)

Board of Education case overturned the decision made in the Plessy v. Ferguson case. The Brown v. Board of Education case revolved around segregation within a school. An African American third-grade student named Linda Brown was forced to walk miles to attend her school devoted to African Americans, despite there being a school for whites much closer to her. After being refused admittance to the white school, her father, outraged, demanded a legal case. Many other African American parents stood beside Oliver Brown, her father, in this necessary battle. Eventually, the case won in favor of the Browns. Thus, overwriting the Plessy v. Ferguson outcome.

Brown v. the Board of Education was a case that helped shaped America’s education system into what it is today. ‘Separate but equal’ is phrase well attributed to the civil rights movement in all aspects of life: water fountains, movie theaters, restaurants, bathrooms, schools, and much more. This phrase was coined legal in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. Plessy v. Ferguson said that racial segregation of public facilities was legal so long as they were ‘equal.’ Before this even, Black Codes, passed in 1865 under President Johnson legalized the segregation of public facilities including schools. In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified guaranteeing all citizens equal protection under the law. Still, though, blacks were not given equal opportunities when it came to voting, schooling and many other inherent rights. 1875 brought the Civil Rights Act that prohibited the discrimination in places of public accommodation. These places of public accommodation did not seem to include educational facilities. Jim Crow Laws become widespread in 1887, legalizing racial separation. These downfalls were paused by development of the Nation Association for the Advancement of Colored People that was founded in 1909. This association began to fight the discriminatory policies plaguing the country, especially in the southern areas. Finally Brown v. the Board of Education fought these decisions, stating that ‘separate but equal’ and discrimination allowed by the latter decisions did not have a

The fourteenth amendment states, “...nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property…” (Gale). Brown was being segregated because she was not being given full rights of life; going to a nearby school. Linda had many people supporting her though, for example, Charles Hamilton and Thurgood Marshall of the NAACP, but she also had the entire South against her. The South did not agree with her, nor did they want to desegregate blacks because they believed that the white race was superior to black, and mixing them together in schools, and everywhere, was unacceptable to their beliefs. Marshall and Hamilton attempted to undermine Plessy v. Ferguson multiple times (Gale), but failed until Brown v. Board of Education. If it still were to have been that way because a group of people did not agree that others should attend their school as well, then Linda Brown would have still continued to go to an all-black school, like the other black kids, and change would not have come for a long time.

One event that had an impact was the Brown VS Topeka board of education case 1954 which was the first case to challenge segregation in Kansas. Linda brown had to go to an African American only school and was not allowed to attend the local neighbourhood school despite her parents wanting her to. Linda Browns parents went to court backed up by their local NAACP lawyers who expressed in court evidence which showed that separate education created low self-esteem and was psychologically harmful. The National Association for the advancement of Coloured People (The NAACP) who were a group lead by black intellectuals aimed to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority group citizens of United States and eliminate race prejudice. They also stated that there was evidence that the educational achievement of students was restricted because of this policy. The case took 18 months and on 17th may 1954, a closing judgement was reached where Chief Justice Warren said that 'separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.' Although a clear conclusion wasn't reached, some areas began to desegregate and by 1957, 300,000 black children were attending schools that had formerly been

Board of Education" text a little girl, Linda Brown, has been trying to get into a school closer to her home. But because she was African American, and the laws of segregation in schools, she had to go to a school for non white students 21 blocks away from her house. Although she was getting to attend a school, her parents sued the school for white students because the school board would not let an African American student attend the school. The main question assigned to the Supreme Court was asked, "Does the segregation of children in public school solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other 'tangible' factors may be equal, deprive the children of equal educational opportunities." In addition to this question, it practically states that the Court was being questioned to determine whether or not the law of segregation in schools were a constitutional agreement. The lawyers for Linda and her family argued that the segregation law implied that African American children were "inherently inferior to whites." This states that they asked the Court to end segregation and let black and white children to attend school together. This integrated schools across

Envision having to walk a mile, to cross railroad tracks and having to take a bus just to get to school, that was the routine of young Linda Brown. Linda Brown was forced to do this routine daily just to get to school for African Americans. While there was a school only blocks away from her house that was only for whites . This unfair action would later create one of the most famous cases Brown v. The Board of Education. Linda Brown made a immense impact for the Civil Rights Movement.

Brown vs. The Board of Education ruling in 1956 ruled that segregated schools are unconstitutional but it took a decade for black students to enter into white schools. This case first started out a black community declaring to have better education, improving schools and curriculum. Finally, the Brown vs. The Board of Education case was seen in the black communities to ensure equality in the black community. The author focuses on the closing the achievement gap of blacks and white in high school graduation from 1940-1980. African American has always been playing the catch up game due to the struggle for civil right equality.

Despite what many might think, Civil rights acts is well known across hundreds of nations all over the world. Civil rights acts has been around for several centuries and has a very important meaning in the lives of many. There are 3 cases that are going to change your mind the cases are brown vs. Borad of education, Plessy vs. Ferguson, and loving vs. Virginia. Lastly the Supreme Court cases influenced the rights of the people by removing segregation, making everybody equal, and giving people the same rights: Plessy vs. Ferguson, Brown vs Board of Education, loving vs Virginia.

Dr. Martin Luther King led the civil rights movement of the 1960s by calling upon African Americans to practice nonviolent civil disobedience instead of violence. Exercising their First Amendment rights, African Americans defied Jim Crow laws and court orders through sit-ins, marches and boycotts, and even endured police brutality and jail sentences to bring public attention to the racial injustice that was plaguing America. A second form of participation was litigation. Many groups advocating African Americans rights strategically chose cases of discrimination to challenge discrimination in the Supreme Court. One notable example is Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, in which the NAACP took the case of Linda Brown who had to travel miles to reach an African American public school despite living just blocks away from a public school reserved only for whites. Through Brown’s case, the NAACP was able to force the Court to directly consider the constitutionality of the “separate but equal” doctrine under the Equal Protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court then overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and demanded integration of public school with deliberate speed. Therefore, through litigation, African Americans were able to advance their civil rights agenda by pushing the Supreme Court to void the inherent injustice

The Brown verse the Board of Education was a very significant legal case that influenced education dramatically. It was one of the greatest Supreme Court decisions of the twentieth century. It concluded that the racial segregation of children in public schools was violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1954, a large number of schools in the United States were racially segregated. There were schools for white children and separate schools for black children. Racially segregated schools were made legal in 1896. The Plessy verse Ferguson case held that segregated public schools were constitutional as long as the black and white schools were of equal quality. However, the schools did not end up being equal. Linda Brown was a black student who had to attend a school for only black children, because during the 1950’s in Topeka, Kansas, schools were segregated by race. Linda Brown and her sister were forced to walk through a dangerous railroad switchyard to get to their bus stop, where they would be taken to their all-black elementary school. The Brown’s lived closer to another school, but it was only for white-students, so Linda was unable to attend the school closer to her house. Linda’s family felt that the segregation of the school system was violating

Everything began with a third-grader student named Linda Brown who was an African American and had to walk a mile to get to a colored school, while she lived about seven block away from an all-white school. This commanded the awakening of a nation to combat segregation. According to the book “American Government roots and reform”, explains that Brown v. Board of education (1954) case consisted on the U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the fourteen Amendment ‘s that guarantee equal protection.” This shows that African American kids were discriminated as well their rights were violated. Furthermore, the article “Land mark: Brown v. Board of education “ explains that

Brown v. Board of Education was a unanimous decision. It was determined that “education is the very foundation of good citizenship”, and to separate the colored from the whites will cause inferiority and affect them in a way that can never be undone. On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down racially segregated schools as unconstitutional in its landmark Brown v. Board of Education ruling.

In the last 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement had taken many steps forward in ending the struggles of being African-American in American society. The Brown vs. Board decision in 1954 was one of this steps forward. The Brown vs. Board decision all started when a African-American father sued the school board of Topeka, Kansas for denying his daughter admission to an all-white school; this school was less than five blocks away from home while the black was more twenty blocks away. Ultimately, the case ended up in front of Supreme Court. The court ruled in favor of Brown stating, “In the field of public education, the doctrine of separate, but equal has no place”. In addition to this, the court concluded that the doctrine of separate, but equal