Bubonic Plague Bacteria

The bubonic plague is a bacterial disease that is considered one of the most lethal in history. Recorded pandemics of the plague reach back to 541 A.D. and minor epidemics can still be found around the world (Plague). The plague consists of a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. This bacterium has the ability to mutate quickly and can easily destroy the immune system of the infected person, “it does this by injecting toxins into defense cells such as macrophages that are tasked with detecting bacterial infections. Once these cells are knocked out, the bacteria can multiply unhindered.” (Plague) The bubonic plague has a number of symptoms ranging from a headache to seizures. The most distinguishable

In the 14th century the Black Death engulfed Europe killing an estimated 50 million people. The pandemic is considered extraordinary because it did so in a matter of months. This disease was carried by fleas, the Bubonic Plague is caused by a bacteria called Yersinia pestis, found mainly in rodents, in this case in rats, and the fleas that feed on them.

75 to 200 million people died from the Bubonic Plague it was estimated about 2\3 of the European population died. Bubonic Plague hurts the Immune system by attacking an invading it. The only way to stop the Bubonic plague is by antibiotics and prescription drugs that destroy the virus. If not treated it will enter the bloodstream and attacks the lungs. Which could give the body Pneumonic plague which is deadly and the Pneumonic plague will give people hepatitis which will give the body fatigue and muscle weakness. The cells in the body system fights off bad pathogens. It keeps the body from getting infected with viruses and diseases like the flu. The Bubonic plague entered the Immune System by changing it form to disguise itself so it will let it in when it is in the Immune System. It attacks by shutting it down and kills cells inside. So the body cannot fight it off. Then it enters the bloodstream and without the immune system it cannot be stopped because the immune system fights off the virus. And without it fighting off viruses the body is prone to any diseases and viruses like the t cell which keeps the flu virus away from the body. And the Bubonic plague kills the t cell which now it is prone to the flu. And it also attacks the b cell which makes antibodies which helps the body become healthier and safer.

"Plague”. “Best known as bubonic plague for the "buboes" (lumps) that formed on the victims'

Made of a canvas outer garment coated in wax, as well as waxed leather pants, gloves, boots and hat. A dark leather hood and mask with a very grotesque curved beak (Jackie Rosenhek, 2011). A serial killer, Halloween costume perhaps or a cosplay outfit for a horror movie? No, a doctor actually is what this outfit was meant for. Doctors wore this attire in the medieval times in order to protect themselves from the bubonic plague. We 've all heard of the bubonic plague in our history classes. We know the numbers and effects and how deadly it was. However the bubonic plague is still on the hunt and loose. Yes, numbers in outbreaks of the bubonic plague have doubled since 2014. There have been very few, but a pathogen such as the Black Death is not to be taken lightly.

The plague was a catastrophic time in history, and happened more than once. It took millions and millions of people’s lives. It destroyed cities and countries, and many people suffered from it.

The Bubonic plague was incredibly devastating during the medieval times. Lots of people lost their families to this horrible disease. It was very difficult to live during that time knowing that you were probably going to die too, or that you would have to suffer through the death of friends and relatives. There wasn't really anything that you could to prevent yourself from catching the plague, people had no hope or faith that things would get better, they thought it

The Bubonic Plague was an epidemic which tore through a developing and growing Europe. The lasting impact included the onset of the Dark Ages. The reasons why the Bubonic Plague was so devastating to European society include low sanitation quality, the continuing decline of public morale and the overall large number of lives lost. Each individual factor continued to depress the city allowing the plague to take complete advantage.

In the early 1330s, an outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in Europe. The bubonic plague mainly affected rodents, but fleas were also able to transmit the disease to people. Once people were infected, they quickly infected others, which meant the disease spread very rapidly among the population. The plague caused fever and a painful swelling of the lymph glands called buboes. The disease also caused spots on the skin that started out red and eventually turned black, which is where “The Black Death” got its name. (The Black Death: Bubonic Plague) During the 14th century, there seemed to be no rational explanation for what was happening. No one knew exactly how the Black Death was transmitted from one patient to another and no one knew

The cause of the Bubonic Plague was by a living host that transport from one animal to another animal, which is called a vector-borne illness. A Xenopsylla Cheopis, an oriental rat flea, was the vector. When the flea bites, the wound is injected by infected blood and the body’s natural response to inflammatory decreases. The bacteria travels using white blood cells to find the closes lymph node, then spreads and multiplies. Lymph nodes are important because they carry fluids, waste material and nutrients to body tissues and the bloodstream. If they swell up, they can’t filter out the bad bacteria in the body. In the first few days of catching the plague, a person experiences large swelling in the lymph nodes which causes the body immune to

Yersinia Pestis, an infectious agent is the cause of the Bubonic Plague. Yersina Pestis is a bacteria, which means the cells lack the internal organization of eukaryotic cells. These bacteria cells would contain the membrane but they would not be able to subdivide the inside of the cell. These bacteria cells do not have a nucleus so instead they have a nucleiod that contains genetic material. The two types of bacteria cells are gram-negative and gram-positive. Yersina Pestis is gram negative and that means that antibiotics are less effective on the plague because of a lipopolysaccharide layer over their walls that adds extra protection.

There are not many things that can trigger the bubonic plague. The microbe that causes the infectious disease is a bacteria known as Yersinia Pestis. The disease is contagious and can spread in many ways. Yersinia Pestis has the characteristics of being stick shaped,being a non-motile, an anaerobic bacterium with bipolar staining,and that also produces a slime layer that is antiphagocytic. The plague is manifested in pneumonic and and bubonic forms. The way the disease transfers is that first there are rats that carry the bacteria which then transfers to fleas from the rats, then the fleas seek blood and jump on humans and inject the disease through a bite. Another way the disease spreads is through human contact. For example, hugging, coughing, kissing, and anything that includes touching the infected.

The bubonic plague was a disease rapidly transmitted by flea-infested rats. These rats were commonly seen in Europe and quickly infected European citizens- leading them towards a slow and painful death. Killing around 50 million people, cities began falling into a state of lockdown where jobs were limited and goods were imported. (Courie, Leonard W. "Decameron Web."

Bubonic plague is an infectious disease that is spread by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. These bacteria remain in a dormant state primarily in a rat flea’s foregut. Once the flea has bitten a victim it regurgitates the contents in its foregut into the bite location. Once the bacterium has entered into a mammal’s warm body it begins to reproduce and spread throughout the mammal’s body. The reproduction of this bacterium creates large painful swollen lymph nodes which are called buboes. Once these buboes get large enough they begin to ooze infected body fluid so that any contact between an infected person and a healthy person will facilitate the spread of this disease. (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012)

When the HIV virus is contracted, the antibody IgG1 becomes a key component in the humoral immune response, however, to produce enough antibodies to fight infection can take anywhere between 1 and 6 months. In this time, the immune system is being weakened by the virus as the destruction of T cells (CD4 cells) takes place. The Bubonic Plague pathogen, however, works differently and more effectively to shut down the immune system quickly, essentially blocking a targeted immune response to the bacteria. Y.pestis injects the outer cell membrane of the macrophages with the YopJ toxin to shut down cellular communication pathways, as well as stopping cytokine production. In doing so, the bacterium is able to ultimately stop and immune response to the pathogen all together. Despite this distinct difference in chemical effects on the host, the immune system is similarly ineffective at destroying these two pathogens