Buckminsterfullerene: A 60-Carbon Poly

When stars died, chemicals other than hydrogen and helium formed, which led to the next level of complexity—Heavier Chemical Element. Most stars spent about 90% of their life over billions of years on during protons and hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei. When they run out of fuel, the furnace at the center of the star stopped supporting the star, and gravity took over. Small stars did not have much pressure at the center. They burned hydrogen slowly over billions of years at relatively low temperatures. When they died, they would slowly fade away. However, great stars had so much mass that they can create enormous pressures and temperature, and when the giant stars ran out of hydrogen, the temperature got cranked up even higher, which led the star to collapse. The high temperature that the collapse caused was able to make helium nuclei fuse into nuclei of carbon. When a star used up its helium, it collapsed again, and the cycle started over. The star heated up and began to fuse carbon to form

Frank Lloyd Wright was a very influential designer and architect who inspired the next century of builders to go beyond their normal standards and break free from the confines of the current building barriers. He used aspects of nature to compliment his buildings, and knew how to perfectly arrange the complex angles and structures to set his projects apart from all others. Frank Lloyd Wright changed the future of architecture with his high attention to interior design, detail, simplicity, and environmental influences.

Have you ever looked up at the sky on a clear night and wondered, “what else is out there?”. What could possibly lie beyond the beautiful blanket of stars that we see with our naked eye? Nebulas are one of many galactic phenomena that lie beyond the Kuiper belt. Mysterious and fascinatingly beautiful sights to behold, they have more of a purpose than just painting the galaxy backdrop with color. I’m not a diehard fan of astronomy and to be perfectly honest I find it difficult to follow most of the information I have learned. However, when I came across pictures and information on nebulas I was instantly fascinated. From how and why they’re formed, to what they do for the galaxy, I’m excited to take you on an intellectual journey though nebulas.

Understanding of the processes of stellar evolution came as a result of twentieth century advances in both astronomy and atomic physics. Advances in quantum theory and improved models of

Franklin came very close to realizing this structure. In fact, she had already started to document her work, convinced of the structure; however, there were two key things that she missed. These two things were things she failed to see in her own data, but that Watson and Crick picked up on. The first of the two, which Crick noticed, was the fact that the two strands of DNA run in opposite direction of one another: One goes up and the other goes down. Franklin would have put both strands running in the same direction. Crick picked up on this point from a technical similarity in DNA and the hemoglobin that he was working on [Judson, 1986]. The second point, which Watson discovered, was the unique pairing of the bases in DNA. They are set up such that each strand is complementary to the other and if the two

Curtis correctly noted that spectral lines could be seen within the spiral nebulae, and that they were generally consistent with the nebulae in the form of large assembled star clusters. These clusters supported Curtis's argument that these were in fact stellar systems, which are comparable to our Milky Way

2. An interstellar cloud of gas known as an H-II region is mainly composed of what?

It appears that from the very beginning, Frank Lloyd Wright was destined by fate or determination to be one of the most celebrated architects of the twentieth century. Not only did Wright possess genius skills in the spatial cognition, his approach to architecture through geometric manipulation demonstrates one aspect of his creativeness. Forever a great businessman, Wright seemed to know how to please his clients and still produce some of the most innovative and ridiculed buildings of

Buckminsterfullerene or more commonly known as bucky-balls is one of the types of carbon allotropes. It is a spherical fullerene molecule containing 60 carbon atoms. The shape of a bucky ball resembles that of a typical soccer ball and the specific name for the structure is truncated icosahedron. It is formed of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons with a carbon atom lying at each vertex. The name buckminsterfullerene was named after the inventor Buckminster fuller, because one of his designs of a geodesic dome structure was very similar to that of the 60 carbon fullerene. So the inventors named him after the allotrope. However, Fuller and the general public tend to call them buckyballs. Theoretical Bucky balls were developed in the 1970’s

Summarized this idea is that everything in the universe is made up of the same atoms and that previously all life on earth came from the atoms of an some exploding star out in the universe that was recycled and brought together to form functional and aware solid beings. This fact caused me to want to read a book that would cover the greatest discoveries and facts in science so I too could form my opinion on what I thought to be the most astonishing thing in the universe. This idea opened my mind to wonder what are the rest of the undiscovered truths about the universe that can surpass this idea as the most astonishing

The Orion Nebula contains one of the brightest star clusters in the night sky. With a magnitude of 4, this nebula is easily visible from the Northern Hemisphere during the winter months. It is surprising, therefore, that this region was not documented until 1610 by a French lawyer named Nicholas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc. On March 4, 1769, Charles Messier inducted the Orion Nebula, M42, into his list of stellar objects. Then, in 1771, Messier released his list of objects for its first publication in Memoires de l'Academie.1

"I turned my chair to the fire and dozed. Again the atoms were gamboling before my eyes.... [My mental eye] could distinguish larger structures, of manifold conformation; long rows, sometimes more closely fitted together; all twining and twisting in snakelike motion. But look! What was that? One of the snakes had seized hold of its own tail, and the form whirled mockingly before my eyes. As if by a flash of lightning I awoke." (2).

Frank Lloyd Wright was an influence to today’s world of architecture. This is because he had helped free America from traditional European-style architecture. He had designed more than 1,100 structures separate from European style. He was a large influence in making American architecture

The polyene chain present in carotenoids is a highly reactive, electron rich system that is susceptible to attack by electrophilic reagents. In nature, carotenoids exist in the all-trans configuration, and they can isomerize to cis configuration under the influence of heat, light or certain chemical reactions e.g. quenching of the singlet oxygen species (Schieber & Carle 2005; Stahl & Sies 1996). The isomeric forms of lycopene common in foods are 5-cis, 9-cis, 13-cis and 15-cis with stability sequence being 5-cis, > all-trans >9-cis > 13-cis >15-cis in organic solvents (Singh & Goyal 2008; Lambelet et al. 2009). For β-carotene, its common isomeric forms are 9-cis, 13-cis, and 15-cis. In general, the cis- configuration can be incorporated better

Frank Lloyd Wright, an American architect that was considered to be one of the greatest in the 20th century. He was a pioneer in the modern style of architecture. For more than 70 years, frank showed his countrymen ways to build their homes and see the world around them. He created some of the most monumental, and some of most intimate space in America. He has designed everything from banks and resorts, office buildings and churches, a filling station and a synagogue, a beer garden and an art museum.