Budget Process

The September 11 assaults (often referred to as 9/11) involved a series of four organised terrorist assaults by the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda in the United States on the Tuesday morning of, September 11, 2001. The assaults comprised of suicide attacks that were used to target popular U.S landmarks. This atrocity was carried out by 19 terrorists from the east coast of America, where they hijacked four airlines, which they later crashed into the twin towers in New York City. Two American airline planes: flight 11 and flight 175 crashed into the north and south towers of the World Trade Centre and within 2 hours collapsed also affected 10 other buildings located in the same vicinity. A third plane flew into the United States department of defence building, more commonly known as the Pentagon. Lastly the fourth plane steered towards Washington D.C, the passengers became aware about the other attacks and they tried to intervene, this caused the plane crash into a field near Pennsylvania. It was the deadliest incident for fire –fighters and law enforcement

Budgeting is perhaps the most essential process involved in the United States government. While this process seems to exist only in the background, it is, in reality, what allows all other processes of government to function as they do. In order to satisfy the most necessities of modern society, changes must be made to each of the three major categories of the budget: the big five, the middle five, and the little guys.

“To budget is to fight over money and the things money buys” (Document A). The federal budget is adjusted every year and has to follow certain criteria set forward by the Preamble to the Constitution. The Preamble sets five goals that the budget must fulfill, these goals are: to establish justice, to insure domestic tranquility, to provide for the common defence, to promote the general welfare, and to secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our prosperity. Furthermore, it is difficult to decide what clusters of the federal budget to allocate money to in order to meet the five goals of the Preamble which are “The Big Five”, “The Middle Five”, and “The Little Guys.” In each of the three budget clusters,

The federal government of the United States has three parts, the executive branch, legislative branch, and the judicial branch. The legislative branch, known as Congress, is the lawmaking branch of the federal government. The legislative branches has certain powers. It “makes all laws, declares war, regulates interstate and foreign commerce and

A couple of large concerns always arise when discussing politics: the state of the Union, what the president is currently doing, and a few other topics. No topic, however, is as talked about in major concern than the federal budget. As tax payers, the American people always wishes to know where their tax dollars are going. The problem is that very few people actually know who sets the federal budget, and how much power this branch of government really has.

On September 11th, 2001 the worst attack on American soil happened.Four planes were hijacked in a terrorist attack. During this event, all hijacking attempts were successful except one. The first two planes hit the twin towers in New York City. Then another plane hit the Pentagon near Washington D.C. The last hijacked plane was heading to Washington, D.C. to attack the capital. This attack however was not successful. This was due to several brave Americans on board who crashed the plane in a field in Pennsylvania. This devastating attack overall killed just about 3,000 American citizens (9/11 timeline (history) A&E Television Networks, LLC 2015, 5, May 2015). Because of this attack, America now felt the need to protect themselves

September 11, 2001, an Islamic extremist group known as Al-Qaeda brought a series of devastating attacks upon major targets in the United States. 19 militants apart of this group were separated on four different airliners that were successfully completed the attacks on the world trade centre in the heart of New York City, The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and one that was believed to be heading for the white house that crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. These attacks resulted in extensive death and desolation, with over three thousand people killed in New York City and Washington, D.C, including over four hundred policeman and firefighters who risked their lives to save remaining survivors in the extremist of conditions. The attacks had

Our federal government is made up of three branches, the Executive Branch, Legislative Branch, and Judicial Branch. Each Branch plays an important role to the decision making and ensures the accordance of laws throughout the country. The Executive branch is the branch that makes our laws official and is headed by the President of the United States. The Executive Branch is also made up of the heads

The budget process is the most important aspect of fiscal decision making in Public Administration. Smith and Lynch (2004), argues that “Public budgeting is an activity that many people view from their own perspectives and, thus, they do not comprehend the full complexity of budgeting” (p. 34). Similar to the contextual definition of complexity in budgeting process, a classic example was the State of California’s budget impasse for the year 2010-2011. This essay examines and analyses the concerns that lead to passing a late budget in the State of California. It further goes into details regarding the reasons, resolutions, and consequences faced due to the budget Impasse.

The most significant branch of government is the Legislative branch, also known as Congress, because their most important duty is to create and amend laws for our country. The Legislative branch is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate, which together they form the United States Congress. The House has a total of 435 people, divided among the 50 states based on population. The Senate has 100 people, two from each state. One thing that is very interesting is that the Legislative branch has the power to mostly override the other two branches, Executive and Judicial, actions. They have the power over taxes and America’s money/budget. Any decision that the President makes has to go through the legislative branch before passed.

On September 11, 2001, the Islamist terrorist group known as al-Qaeda launched a series of terrorist attacks on the United States of America, specifically in the New York City and Washington D.C areas. Nineteen al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four planes with the intention of using them as suicide attacks that would crash those planes into designated buildings, or targets. Two of the four passenger jets were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, both of which collapsed entirely within two hours of being hit. The third plane was crashed into the Pentagon, and the west side of the building, which is the

Government financial forecasts derive from both legislative and executive branches. The Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget Office both play big roles in the development and implementation of the United States’ budgets. Their main program involve coordinating with several departments.

There are three branches of the federal government, the executive, the judicial, and the legislative. The executive branch consists of such people as the president, the cabinet, and the executive offices of the president. The executive branch is known for enforcing laws created by the legislative branch. The judicial branch entails the United States Supreme Court and the Federal Judiciary. The judicial branch must review the laws the executive branch is to enforce. There is also the legislative branch. This branch contains the United States House of Representatives, the United States Senate, and the Library of Congress. Laws are created through the legislative branch.

Historically, incrementalism has characterized public budgeting because at its core, budgeting has evolved: increased and decreased through gradual stages within the realm of the political arena. The need for this one step at a time type of response, found within incremental budgeting, would have likely been caused by the known fact that prior to the 1900’s public welfare programs, federal, states, and even city spending did not exist in the way in which is more than obviously observable in today’s society simply because America did not employ an actual budgetary system. Therefore, as with any unchartered territory, it was approached in stages, with caution, a little at a time in response to the growing needs of the public. Aaron Wildavsky made this case in his book “The politics of the budgetary process,” when he pointed out “budgeting is incremental, not comprehensive. The beginning of wisdom about an agency budget is that it is almost never actively reviewed as a whole every year in the sense of reconsidering the value of all existing programs as compared to all alternatives. Instead, it is based on last year’s budget with special attention given to a narrow range of increases or decreases.” (Wildavsky 1964, p. 15)

This project seeks to bring out the budgeting and budgetary control practices of UT financial institution, Koforidua, and how they can make sure their budgeting practices are done in such a way as to incur minimal or less cost for the organization