Building A Conventional Sewage Treatment Facility

These tasks go hand and hand with the City Public Works Drainage Division which administrates permits, and is responsible for the implementation and the execution of stormwater best management practices through the use of various resources such as personnel, and medium and heavy equipment. Public Works maintains more than 350 miles of storm sewer drainage system within the City and approximately 150 miles of drainage ditches and thousands of storm water inlets. Public Works crews work continually throughout the year removing trash and debris, mowing drainage ditches, vacuuming stormwater inlets, as well as other tasks to maintain a healthy drainage infrastructure. Unfortunately, the City is faced with the challenges of sustaining its extensive MS4 program and existing drainage infrastructure due to the lack of additional financial resources. Certain sections of the City’s drainage system are more than 50 years old and deteriorating. As the City continues to grow and expand, the need for repairs, retrofitting and maintaining the City’s existing infrastructure is as equally important as creating new capital projects.

Storm water is a great danger to the environment because it does not receive any treatment before entering waterways. A storm can overload the system, causing it to reach its max capacity. The water treatment plant is then forced to let the overflowing, untreated, water dump into the river. This leads to an almost opaque water, like that found in the Puget Sound. There is an average of 900 billion gallons of untreated sewage water entering larger bodies of water each year in the United States (Barnett). The rain that falls on surfaces drains into bodies of water through storm water collection systems, usually, without treatment. There is a strong relationship between concrete thickness and imperviousness in residential areas, leading researchers to believe that roads create impervious surfaces. When rain down the streets and rooftops, it absorbs all the harmful materials from those surfaces and flows into the major bays and the Puget Sound. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates the remodeling of the aging water system would cost between $300 billion to $1 trillion over the next 20 years (Barnett).

While the location of New Orleans was always prone to flooding, early developers built on the land due to its advantageous trade position. As the city expanded, a levee only policy was instituted despite the fact that this can lead to overflow and leakage. However, once a levee system is instituted, it is difficult to reverse. The main advocates for the historical levee system was the Army Corps of Engineers. In the 1950s, the Army Corps of Engineers created a channel that ran from the Gulf of Mexico to New Orleans, called the MRGO. This passage led to erosion and created a channel for hurricanes to be ushered towards New Orleans. Additionally, both the MRGO and the levee system led to the destruction of the wetlands, which serve as a natural barrier against flooding. While the wetlands absorb up to four feet of water per acre, a mile of wetlands in new orleans is destroyed every 28 minutes. In response, many actors came together to enact the Coast 2050 plan, which outlined measures necessary to restore the wetlands, overhaul the levee system, and create alternate channels to the MRGO. However, the plan failed due to its high cost of $14 billion. To address this cause, there are several possible courses of

Beginning in the late 1990’s the city realized the importance of stormwater management and initiated the necessary steps to identify and minimalize the adverse effects of inadequate drainage infrastructure. Although the city had adopted stormwater regulations for new development, older developments and roadways in the city were not regulated prior to 1984 and many of those drainage systems

Better Runoff: California is a coastal state so it has an easy way to get rid of its sewage and runoff. They just have it get drained out into the Sea. However, what if cities could reroute their pipelines into a treatment plant instead. With that many people in one area there is bound to be a lot of wastewater. Why should all this water be wasted instead of being used? Though it doesn’t sound very sanitary it is already being done not only there, but in other places, such as Nevada and Arizona. Although, with the huge population there needs to be more treatment plants in order to keep up with the amount of people living there. According to Gary Wockner, "Enough water flows into the ocean from Southern California’s streets and sewers to meet all of the area’s water needs—that’s right ALL of them (2015)."

To begin, one of the largest and long term solutions is the effort to combat climate change. Climate change contributes to coastal flooding through multiple ways, but the most devastating to coastal cities is sea level rise. Increases in global temperatures cause sea levels to rise, which causes flooding at earlier stages due to tides already being higher from higher sea levels. When this happens, high tides come in further and cause more flooding. Sea level rise contributes to both ‘nuisance flooding’ and catastrophic flooding. It can cause longer duration and intensity of flooding, as the flood waters take longer to subside (Ezer & Atkinson, 2014). Catastrophic flooding caused by large scale events, such as a hurricane, are more prevalent now than 100 years ago, which corresponds to the rise in sea levels. Suggestions to combat climate change are varied and range from lowering carbon emissions to reducing deforestation (NTNU, 2015). Reducing sea level rise that is caused by global warming through climate change is an important aspect of flood prevention. In regards to nuisance flooding alone, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has stated that sea level rise will cause increasing nuisance flooding and the time between flooding incidents will decrease (NOAA, 2015). Due to the many solutions proposed

After washing your hands there is not much thought to what happens to the dirty water. It goes down the drain and it is gone. Living in Canada is extremely fortunate as it has the most fresh water supply but with the increase of urban settings, toxins, and pollution, this “endless” fresh water supply is declining. A major issue is how to treat waste safely so that it does not affect the environment, or public health. The waterfront water treatment facility has run into constant bypassing issues which prevents water to be properly treated. Bypass water is excess flow discharge from water treatment plants when it reaches capacity. Untreated polluted water is dumped into the waterfront of Toronto which is progressively getting worse due to

Amy Quinton, Environment Reporter, stated in “Massive Public Works Project Will Help Clean Sacramento River” that the Sacramento river is polluted by treated sewage that can occupy 227 Olympic-sized pools everyday. That single statement makes it apparent that sewer treatment plants are too incompetent to protect the environment.

With the tremendous loss of life and destruction of property that resulted from Hurricane Katrina, the American Society of Civil Engineers and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) began redesigning and implementing new hurricane prevention system guidelines. Through extensive studies, it was evident that the structures for the levees were constructed on weak and compressible soil. “Although the geology of the area was relatively well known and borings taken were reasonably adequate for characterizing the variety of conditions in the area, the spacing could have missed local anomalies in soil type and strength” (USACE I-119). As a result, geotechnical engineers suggested a

Combined sewage overflows come from almost 50 of these sewer outfalls. 2) dry weather flows: - Toronto needs to assess the problems of dry weather flow and take advantage of the opportunities it provides. In order to sustain future growth, the dry weather flow collection system needs to have sufficient capacity. Moreover, sufficient redundancy will enable Coxwell Sanitary Trunk System to strengthen its security and maintenance. 3) additional concerns: - There are disadvantages that come along with transferring sludges from and to different sewer force mains. Toronto’s infrastructure needs to incorporate a sustainable strategy and routing options for transferring sludges from the Humber Treatment Plant to the Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant and other plants; and - Chemicals such as ammonia and phosphorus spill into the Don River, which need to be reduced. 4) solutions that integrate with wet and dry weathers: - dual infrastructure for both wet and dry weather can be implemented to not only store and treat wet weather flows, but also add security in dry weather flows. (MMM Group

In Seattle, there are three types of sewer systems: Combined Sewer, Partially Seperated Storn Sewer, and Seperated Strorm Sewer. In these three, the best way of sewer and stormwater managment is the last one to separate storm and sewer. This is because, if the dirty water and stormwater

If you have a septic tank, maintain it. A properly working septic tank would not release any harmful chemicals. (Indiana) Should you have livestock to take care of, the most effective way is to “block animals from directly accessing streams, rivers, or other water bodies.” (Indiana) This can be done by putting a fence up or alternative water sources. If you are running an agriculture operation, and are by a water source, you can reduce sediment runoff by placing “buffer strips and encouraging the growth of a healthy riparian corridor.” (Indiana) Similarly, with nutrient run-off you should “ Manure should never be stored for long periods in the open. Fertilizer applications should be modified to meet the soil’s nutrient needs, not exceed them.” (Indiana) It is important to maintain riparian corridors, which are “the buffer zones between used land and a stream, most often planted with vegetation.” (Indiana) These are able to help regulate the water temperature, filter pollutants from stormwater, and protect the bank from erosion. To help the corridor, refrain from mowing along the stream bank. Native plants taking over, as well as trees and bushes will also help the function of the corridor. Another way to reduce, is it pick up pet waste, pet waste is part of nutrient and E.coli nonpoint source pollution. “In urban areas, land development and impermeable pavement increases stormwater runoff, and subsequently the volume of flow when storm water enter waterbodies.” (Indiana) You could also do some other inventive ideas like: planting a rain garden for catching excess stormwater as it crosses your yard, connect the downspouts to rain barrels and then use the water to irrigate landscape during the dry seasons, do not use it on driveway, or when you need to replace the driveway you could use some type of porous pavement. This is because they allow stormwater to soak

The issue is that more than water goes down drains. Overflow goes over housetops, parking areas, roads, development destinations, and other different places. Along the way it grabs plastic sacks, microscopic organisms and different contaminants. The rain goes specifically into the ocean through open channels and underground pipes, with out being treated or filtered.

This report provides analysis and evaluation of a newly designed wastewater treatment facility for Sand Valley, Nevada. Analysis will include Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) along with total, volatile, and fixed suspended solids. Methods for analysis will include the Winkler Test for BOD and a Hatch test for the suspend solids.

Water purification and a wastewater treatment plants would be necessary in order to provide the citizens and visitors with clean healthy water. To prevent flooding, this city was built on flood plains.