Comparing The Building And Design Process Of Building An Earthquake

This document’s purpose is to look for various available bracings used in a steel structure, which can be applied during construction to prevent the building from succumbing to the damage occurred due to the lateral movement, vertical movement, oscillatory movement, etc. caused by the seismic forces such as earthquake force and also forces such as wind load acting laterally.

Imagine if you had to restart your life, new shelter, new job, new lifestyle. Well locals or people in the Philippines had to restart their life when an earthquake with an magnitude of 7.1 hit the country and destroyed people’s lives. The earthquake had a devastating 7.1 magnitude. The earthquake hit the Philippines on October 15th, 2013. The likely culprit of the earthquake was the East Bohol Fault because the two tectonic plates were sliding against each other and the creates an earthquake. Sadly, earthquake killed more than 90 people. Ports, schools, and airports were damaged. A hospital collapsed then that lead to a killing of 18 people. Children were also injured at sports complexes because people rushed the exits when the the ground started to shake. Lastly, 5 people were killed in a landslide that was triggered from the earthquake. What really matters though is how people respond to the

An earthquake is where two transform plate boundaries slide and creak the earth. This is what happened in the Philippines. Although it was in 2013 the people are still in need of help to get back to their daily lives. The Philippines earthquake had a magnitude of 7.1. This earthquake was gigantic, and it took down many buildings that were in its path. Lucky the children were not in school that day because of the Muslim holidays the earthquake caused the school to collaspe. If the children were in school, then it would have killed most of the kids.There were 2,100 aftershocks. The day of the quake was October 15, 2013. People respond to a natural disaster by gathering materials and donations, spreading the word, and the government's aid.

Have you ever been in a deadly earthquake? In 2013, the people of the Philippines experienced one. A 7.1 magnitude earthquake that affected around 43,000 people with 2,211 aftershocks that ended up killing a total of 185 people. Earthquakes are known as one of the most dangerous natural disasters. This horrific event happened October 15th, 2013. The earthquake hit hardest in the central Philippines, it was reported to be caused by the East Bohol Fault. People act in a response to a natural disaster by gathering resources, spreading word, and government aid.

The tea cups that began to shatter were enough to wake Rose M. Quinn from her bed in the early morning hours of April 18, 1906. The earthquake that lasted just one minute was estimated to be close to 8.0 on the richter scale and was large enough to destroy 30,000 buildings, including her own home, in what was determined to be one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in U.S history. And while Ms.Quinn held out hope that her “City of the Golden West” would restore its nearly 400 million dollars worth of damage (10.8 billion dollars today), an even stronger and largely unknown earthquake rocked the United States just 100 years prior.

This land assessment will recommend which community would be the best and safest place to live. Hazard City is made of up of five communities. Riverside is a mobile home community with most of the current homes located upon the sandy soils of the floodplain. Downtown consists nearly of one-to-three story buildings constructed of unreinforced brick and masonry. Ralston contains mostly large wood-framed, single family, Victorian-style homes built in the late 1800's. Hickory Estates contains of single-family, multi-story, wood-frame homes that were all built before World War II. Walnut Heights is a planned, gated residential community of single-family homes founded in 1981.

Before the Twin Towers were built, buildings were never built to the 110 floors planned for the towers for a number of reasons. The winds in New York City could reach 100 miles per hour on some days, which caused a great amount of stress on the taller buildings in the city. Originally, buildings of the time were built with support columns ever 30 feet or so which created a solid structure but not much wide open floor space. Due to the planned height of the Twin Towers, weather could be different at the top and the bottom of the towers. To combat this, the buildings were constructed like a tube, with high-strength steel around the edges and a “core” in the middle of the buildings which was to house the elevator shafts which would help to withstand the strength of the wind and also cut down on the materials needed and therefore the cost. This was accomplished with sets of three 30-foot column lattices that were welded together offsite and then constructed at the towers using Kangaroo Cranes,

I do not think that the mistake argument is as strong in the Department of Labor’s case as it is in Shahmaleki, though, it may still be a viable argument. A lot of the research from Shahmaleki applies here. I did check for cases similar to this, but couldn’t find anything. I think the issue is that while this also hints at a “legal mistake”, it also is very similar to a mistake of identify that courts normally upheld as something that can relate back. Garret v. Fleming’s definition of mistake was a misnomer or a misidentification, and unlike Shahmaleki, this seems closer to that definition. 362 F.3d 692, 696-97 (10th Cir. 2004). It seems like the Plaintiffs believed that they were suing the state, when they sued the Department of Labor. I think this gets closer to the issue in Krupski v. Costa Crociere S. p. A., where a plaintiff sued a company, but it turned out the parent company controlling that company was the only one with liability and so it had to be sued.

Building collapse has been proposed as the most important risk factor for fatality in building bombings [87], and residents and responders are at risk following an incident. When the twin towers of the WTC collapsed, over 400 emergency responders lost their

In the quake zone the Forbidden city in Beijing has stood for centuries past and in the documentary, Secrets of Chinas Forbidden City, the secret to the structural survival where unveiled. To determine the quake level that the Forbidden city building structure can withstand, a 1/5 scale model was constructed from the timber frame that is used in the palace of longevity and health. The construction method that was used is that of the traditional carpentry tools and techniques. Due to the simple joint connection that allow mobility during the earthquakes the forbidden city has lasted for centuries. The columns that holds the weight of the building are not connected to the stone bases, which allow the building to move freely and enabling the flexibility

Springs and other building materials are used to help save lives in earthquake prone areas. Scientist use a variety of different materials spanning from shock absorbers to springs. Scientists put springs under building that allow the buildings to sway but not topple over. Scientist tell builders to put steel bracing supports around or in the walls of buildings in between these are shock absorbers which stop the vibrating from going up the building. These are made of steel which are strong and don’t move a lot. Building materials need to be strong and flexible so that when an earthquake occures it won’t break. Steel ball bearings will move the platform and themselves but they will not move the house this helps the house

To reduce the damage that earthquakes create, people construct buildings that are stable. Japan is where there are lots of earthquakes but their buildings don’t collapse. Japanese pagodas are five stories. The pagodas are held up by a central pillar acting as the support. During earthquake’s, each floor balances independently without transmitting force to other floors.

Although these problems were corrected and the idea of building a skyscraper became a feasible task, there were many conditions that had to be taken into account, that did not need consideration when building a structure less than 40 stories tall. Four story buildings are supported by their own walls; however a new method needed to be created for skyscrapers since the previous building method would not provide enough support. Metal skeletal frames made of columns and beams were then developed to provide the support and strength needed for the skyscrapers. As the buildings grew taller, their structural design was made lighter and stiffer. Also, as the buildings grew taller, wind became an important issue. Normally, the force that acts on the skyscraper pushes directly downward towards the ground that would then counter balance that push. However, when an additional force acts on it, such as wind, the forces would act differently on the skyscraper. With a lateral force acting on the building, the steel columns of the frame on the windy side would stretch apart slightly while the columns on the other side would compress. Therefore, the skeletal frame built had to be made so that the structure would be free to move slightly with the wind and, at the same time, remain sturdy.

Prior to attending University as a Civil Engineering student, there were plenty of natural disasters, including earthquakes, flooding, etc., that stole human lives and left destruction and havoc for the survivors in my country, not only due to the strength of those disasters, but simply due to the weakness of our structures, such as our buildings, bridges, roads, etc. I was obsessed with that immense toll in our country that was due to a simple negligence and lack of knowledge. Consequently, I consulted with our advisor in high school that was a specialist in advising students to pursue an appropriate major at university. Based on my obsession with above-mentioned disasters, as well as my excellent scores in mathematics, Calculus, Geometry, Algebra, and Physics that all were 20 / 20, he strongly encouraged me to follow my interest and study Civil Engineering at the university.

The seismic behavior of multistory frame structures has been studied extensively in the last few decades due to their efficiency as earthquake resisting systems. The multistory framed systems can be categorized as reinforced concrete (RC) frames, masonry-infilled frames, and wall-frame system. The literature survey in this chapter highlights some of the previous experimental and analytical Work done on the seismic performance of existing and rehabilitated structures. The survey covers retrofitting and analytical models of different structural systems, namely: RC frame structures, RC structural Walls, FRP confined beams and columns, rehabilitated frames using FRP bracings, rehabilitated frames using steel bracing and masonry-infilled frames.