Building And Infrastructure Development Across The Globe

However, for technical purposes, some people prefer to distinguish real estate, referring to the land and fixtures themselves, from the real property, referring to ownership rights over real

John DeRight & Judy DeRight both members of the long standing DeRight family based in Arlington, Virginia are looking to diversify their portfolio of investments and are contemplating investing in real estate to achieve their investment goal. Both are in a different stages of their life and are considering one of the four real

Correct valuation of real assets can present challenges to financial analysts. Different models can be used to arrive at the closest estimate of value and yet certain issues will always arise.

as well as the mechanics of commercial real estate leasing. The asset types we will consider

2Chair Professor, Dept. of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ., Hong Kong. Email: bsqpshen@polyu.edu.hk

What is ‘project finance’? The term features prominently in the press, more specifically with respect to infrastructure, public and private venture capital needs. The press often refers to huge projects, such as building infrastructure projects like highways, Eurotunnel, metro systems, or air- ports. It is a technique that has been used to raise huge amounts of cap- ital and promises to continue to do so, in both developed and developing countries, for the foreseeable future.

Commercial Real Estate Investment involves buying commercial properties that are bigger than a 4 unit apartment building. It is that real estate investment in which an estate is rented out or sold to make profit through rental income, interests, dividends, royalties, etc. but not for primary residence. It is better for the investors who are beginners in the field to avoid commercial real estate investment strategy. On the other hand, experience investor can go for for this kind of investment as the competition is much less. It is also the best choice asset class for building wealth, you may ask why? This is because there is a limited supply of land; no more land is being created! If you select a real estate with a land component in an area of increasing population and demand, the laws of supply and demand will work in your favour to increase the value of your investment. It provides better leverage than any other asset investment, with the ability to typically borrow at least 80% of the purchase price on house and land packages. 100%

Property investments include: Residential property such as houses and units, Commercial property such as individual offices or office blocks, Retail premises such as

Project finance is a term used freely by a number of professionals including bankers, journalists, and academics in order to describe a variety of financing activities. Project finance is a decades-old term that preexists corporate finance. However, the rolling growth in infrastructure undertakings in the developing world funded by privately financed organizations is continuously attracting greater attention. When considering financing for development, there are two main issues that need to be taken into consideration. Firstly, the capability of financing must ensure adequate public spending meets anticipated social and economic ventures. Secondly, the ability of long-term financing to provide economies that require and growth and development enough capital to grow to their full potential.

Abstract: With the economic crisis in the U.S., Americans are worried about investing in real estate while foreign investors feel the U.S. real estate market is very enthusiastic especially in New York City. According to an annual survey taken by the Association of Foreign Investors in Real Estate (AFIRE), the U.S. rose to the

A construction industry has a direct role in socio-economic development. By constructing facilities and infrastructures, it provides the basis for other sectors like agriculture and manufacturing to grow. Afghan construction industry is among success story of reconstruction process of Afghanistan that began in 2001. Afghanistan construction industry is developing and has the capacity to reach to self-sufficiency. Their interaction with US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) for more than 15 years familiarized them with all USACE requirements which are internationally accepted standards. Afghan firms can use these standards elsewhere in the world. The private sector has dramatically improved and if supported properly by the government, can become a reliable industry not only in Afghanistan but also in the region.

Summary: The study of New British Library and B.P’s Andrews field development had different approaches in the way the construction was planned. The two projects started their construction work at the same time and had same financial status. Although both the projects was constructed on same time, the New British library was the failure due to the over budget and lack of management leading to many delays during the construction.In the project they did not tackle the expertise and there was not a proper direction of responsibilities for the team during the work. The B.P’s Andrew field development was a successful project because of Good management, Good teamwork, Good spirit among the employees where able to submit the project on given deadline with low cost.

Investment decision, by itself, is not a complicated one, as once we manage to consider all aspects of costs associated with the investment decision and to estimate its expected returns, there will be no difficulty to make a proper decision regarding the proposed investment. The main problem in making any investment decision is the ability to consider all aspects of costs that the investment will expose to. Investment costs can be divided into tangible and intangible costs. Where tangible costs classified as constructional and operational costs; intangible costs include opportunity cost and

Pre-cast pre-stressed double-tee girders are considered as an essential element of modern infrastructure used to construct civil project worldwide. These girders can be found in under-strengthlevel because of the local damages and developed cracks as the result of collision due to transportation and mishandling. Therefore, it is very important to find out an efficient retrofitting technique in order to restore the lost capacity and/or even outperform it. The current paper presentsa field tests up to collapse forthree actual-size pre-cast pre-tensioned double-tee (DT) girders having different levels of damage retrofitted using Externally Bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (EB-CFRP) technique. The girder stems for two of them were strengthened in flexure using uni-directional U–shaped CFRP sheets, while all girders were shear-strengthened at the dapped-ends. Each girder was loaded incrementally up to collapse using concrete Jersey Barriers, at the meantime, the deflections of the girder and developed strains on both concrete surface and the CFRP sheets were recorded at each increment. Test results assured the adequacy of the adopted strengthening configurations from both ultimate capacity and ductility viewpoints. It addition, the flexural resistance showed reasonable results compared to the analytical design resistance recommended by ACI 440.2R-08.

This study is focusing on real-estate sector in China, and especially on property market. In 2017, property and construction both account for approximately 15% of the whole economy (share to GDP), with property alone directly impacting around 40 other industries (Chen and Glenn, 2017) with a tendency for the Chinese government to heavily rely on infrastructure development to sustain growth in the long term (Letts, 2017). When ancillary industries are taken into account, the real estate impact on Chinese GDP is estimated to be around 35% (Anderlini, 2015 / Cao, 2014).