Bull's Eye Patterns

In this paper I will explain how astronomers determine the composition, temperature, speed, and rotation rate of distant objects using various methods. I will explain the properties of stars. I will also summarize the complete lifecycle of the Sun and determine where the Sun is currently in its lifecycle.

2008, hereafter Paper I). Par 1802, as a member of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC; Hillenbrand 1997), is considered to have an age of ∼1 Myr (Paper I). A follow-up analysis which included the radial velocity curves and the IC -band light curve found the components’ masses to be equal to within ∼2%, but their radii and effective temperatures to differ by ∼5–10% (Stassun et al. 2008, hereafter Paper II). They suggest that these disparate radii and temperatures are the result of a difference in age of a few hundred thousand

When does compression begin three things happen: the nebular cloud began to heat up, spin faster, and began to take on a disk shape.

Planetary nebula are formed in the outer core of the star that are vanished when the star of the Sun’s mass changes from a red giant to white dwarf. At this stage all the energy from the star fades away losing layers and forms a complex structure.

The reactions within these huge stars created new elements, heavier elements such as oxygen and carbon. Lemonick (2006) explains how these elements allowed the gaseous clouds to collapse this time into much smaller stars than their predecessors, stars like our sun. "And like the sun, they would have started out generating lots of ultraviolet light before settling down to a more sedate existence" (p. 4). These smaller stars had the lifespan to be able to ionize the hydrogen. It was at this time that the dark ages came to an end. Some scientists theorize that it was X-rays and UV light spewed from black holes that brought a close to this dark time, but perhaps it was both of these theories that finally brought light to our universe.

When a sun like star like the sun sheds most of it’s mass it is called a planetary nebula.

In further detail, the celestial object contains massive stars that shape the nebula and pillars of dense gas that may house budding young stars. The heaviest stars at the center are called Trapezium because they are arranged in a trapezoid pattern (Hubble,2006). The stars near Trapezium are young and still have protoplanetary disks, too small for us to see yet. At the bottom of the nebula there are brown dwarfs that couldn’t be stars, this explains the darker shade of red in the image. The row of three stars make up the belt of the hunter, Orion. It has bright supergiant’s Betelgeuse, and Rigel at the upper left shoulder and

This star is formed after a large star has had a supernova explosion. These stars are usually very dense and will eventually produce a black hole. Magnetar is a neutron star with an extremely strong magnetic field. Magnetar stars are highly magnetic objects, they are even stronger than Earth. It is also 100 to 1,000 times stronger than radio pulsar. Because we are unsure how this star can be as strong as it is, theorist say it would have to rotate between 100 to 1,000 times per second. Brown Dwarfs is the in between size of a giant planet and a large star. This star is also a very dense star, but not as dense as the white dwarf. When a star is dying it squeezes all its matter into a tiny space, this is called a Black Hole. Their gravity is so strong from all the matter in a tiny space that nothing, not even light can escape. You can’t detect a Black Hole with the naked eye because it's actually invisible, you need a science telescope to identify them. The Cepheid Variable stars light brightens and dims many times. It’s like when the sun is out then goes behind a cloud then comes back out

when a star explodes as a supernova most of its matter is blow away into space .Is a star with a initial mass of 0.5 to 8 times that of earth’s sun .it spends most of its time on the main sequence as an orange ,yellow or blue dwarf star.all stars are little clouds of gas .it begins to collapse under its own gravity .This star is made by when the sun shucks off its outer layers it will create a beautiful shell of diffuse gas known as planetary nebula .The first planetary nebula with was discovered with a bright in 1790 .These stars are made up of dust or gas.New technology has captured a number of phenomenal images of planetary nebula in extreme depth .where scientist thought that the gaseous layers came off evenly , images from the hubble space telescope have revealed a wide array that it could be the fate of our closest star . These stars are born just like average

The fragment has now a much hotter and denser center, nearing 15,000 K. The center of the star begins to be visible, now being called a protostar, and overall the cloud begins to resemble a star. Before continuing on to the next phase, the star forms a photosphere to trap in all the material as it gains more mass and continues to

On October 21, 2016, I went to the observation of the Global Clusters and Mars. The first telescope I went to was the Nebula. I learned that it had a grey ring around it and that the sun will look like this in approximately five billion years. It was at first quite difficult to locate but then once I angled my head a bit, it was easily located. It looked like a small cluster of gas that I was looking at.

Stars begin their life cycle as molecular clouds. Some event, such as a shockwave or collision of a galaxy, causes the cloud to collapse and form smaller pieces, which collapse inward on itself, and form a protostar. As the star collapses, gravitational energy creates heat, resulting in the rotation of the particles. During this phase of formation,

Energy from a nearby supernova may have started the collapse of the gas cloud that formed our solar system. Evidence for this statement may include that supernovas explode and disturb surrounding areas or things. Due to the supernova exploding, the gas cloud occurred. As the gas cloud formed, the whole thing was pulled by gravity and attracted gas and dust together, creating a solar nebula. During this, the nebula spun so much that it began to fall apart.

A star’s life cycle is determined by mass; the larger a star is, the shorter its lifespan is. When stars are formed, they begin as clouds of gas and dust in nebulae. Because of gravity, the matter condenses into a sphere where hydrogen is combined with helium, forming a protostar. As energy is released through nuclear fusion, stars enter the main sequence, the longest phase of a star’s life where it reaches stable nuclear reactions.

5 billion years ago the sun’s shuck off one of it’s layers,which created a beautiful shell gas known as Planetary Nebula.The glowing part are estimate to the Milky Way.About 1,500 have been unseen,they have been rest hide behind interstar dust.When it ends it ends it life cycle the sun will swell up into a Red Giant,also expanding out the beyond with orbit around Venus.