Bullying Annotated Bibliography

The concept of bullying in the school system has been linked to many homicides and

Bullying is defined as “verbal, physical, or psychological abuse or teasing accompanied by real or perceived imbalance of power” and is usually targets what children perceive as different (Olweus, 1993). Bullying is prevalent across the nation. It has devastating effects on students each day. Bullying is a problem for all students, regardless of race, gender or class. The National Education Association reports that 160,000 children are absent intentionally from school each day because they fear being bullied whether it is an attack or just intimidation by other students. This accounts for 15% of all school absenteeism (Hunter, 2012). Dan Olweus (1993) from the National School Safety Center tells us that bullying includes three parts: (1)

Lastly, bullying affects student’s cognitive development. Cognitively victimized school-aged children are affected by blocking the development of learning and leading them to drop out of school and any involvement with peers. School-aged children who are bullied tend to have attendance issues. It is reported that everyday 160,000 children miss school from the fear of being bullied (Lajoie, 2003). Most of the time children who are bullied tend to have health issues that affect their school attendance. Students who are continuously absent

Many people believe bullying is a part of growing up. Some believe every kid will experience bullying at one point or another in life. The time is not taken to think about how it might affect an individual in the future. Bullying shows to affect people’s mental and physical health overtime. When someone is bullied overtime it would have a larger impact on their later life. Bullying can deteriorate both an individual’s mental and physical health in a alarming way. The community should help to learn and provide information on identifying bullying and the affects of bullying. Bullying is extremely toxic to an individual, it may later negatively affect physical formation and function of the brain and how an individual may deal with stress. As a society this topic needs to be more discussed.

Bullies are also faced with short-term effects of their action and often encounter long-term effects if they do not change their behavior. Due to the nature of aggressive bullying they will engage with the criminal activity as well as drug and alcohol abuse. They break the law, steal, and in some cases also physically harm others. Bullying experiences increase the vulnerabilities of children. Other possible side effects include: •depression •psychosomatic symptoms •social withdrawal •school refusal, school absenteeism •poor academic performance •physical health complaints •running away from home •alcohol and drug use

Children who bully have often seen or experienced family violence. Bullying and teen dating violence are actually linked. There is also a connection between bullying and sexual harassment. The worst and ultimate effect of bullying is suicide. This often occurs after several months and even years of bullying, and it is often a situation where extreme embarrassment, physical violence, and social ridicule have occurred.

Bullying is defined as the prolonged malicious act of harming peers by abusing their own--or an existing imbalance of--power, and has become one of the most common sources of trauma among adolescents. One report shows that one of three children were victims of bullying during some point in their life, and that 10-14% of all adolescents were victims of chronic bullying for at least six months prior to conducting the survey. Children who were victims of bullying are also found to be at a higher risk of diagnoses for anxiety disorders and depression during young and middle adulthood. These victims are reported to be more likely to have lower levels of general/physical health and lower educational acquirements than young and middle aged adults who were not bullied (Wolke & Lereya, 2015). Because bullying is such a prominent problem, citizens, policymakers, and social scientists alike, should feel or have some social and moral obligation to address, and hopefully avert bullying.

Psychological problems is one of the effects. When a victim is going through this, their risk of having suicidal thoughts and behaviors is higher than usual.Walton says, “But a new study in JAMA Psychiatry looks at the long-term psychological effects of bullying, for kids who are bullied, who bully, or who may play both “roles”. Kids who had been victims only (who never bullied others) had greater risk for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety, panic disorder and agoraphobia as adults. But worse off were kids who were both bully victims and bullies – they experienced all types of depressive and anxiety disorders, and suffered most severely from suicidal thoughts, depressive disorders, generalized anxiety and panic disorder, compared with the other groups of participants. In fact, about 25% of these participants said they had suicidal thoughts as young adults, and about 38% had panic disorder.” This is important because it shows that people who are victims and bully others are the ones that go through a lot more. They want to feel like they finally have control over someone, since they have been bullied before. Another mental health is low-self esteem. Children that have low-self esteem are the ones that usually get picked on at school. They don’t feel positive and don’t see themselves as worthy or good enough for others. The last mental health is post traumatic stress. It’s

For many years, bullying has been a major problem in many schools. Bullying is associated with serious health concerns, whether a child is the bully or the victim. Kids who are victims of bullying usually have lasting effects on their physical and mental health. This literature review describes the effects of bullying approaching the following topics:

The results and consequences of bulling in all sorts of format (verbal, cyber or physical)

If bullying was truly a problem for the student’s environment, then there should be a strong negative correlation between the amount of bullying reported in section one, and the psychological behavior responses indicated in section two. Therefore, as bullying witnessed or experienced increases, the mental stability of the student decreases. It is then expected that if bullying is causing psychological damage to students, then a strong negative correlation between bullying and academic performance should also appear. As the number of bullying instances increase, the student’s ability to focus and perform well in school decreases. By not being able to function properly within the school setting and being unable to perform well academically, it can be inferred that individuals who are struggling the most with bullying will find it harder to study, which would make it more difficult for them to perform well on their final

After bullying, most people are changed in ways that may last for a very long time, in ways that can hurt, in ways that can rip apart their life. Bullied individuals often have higher risk of many mental illnesses. They are four times as likely to develop an anxiety disorder in adulthood compared with kids who were uninvolved in bullying. And the victims had a five-times greater risk of depression than uninvolved kids, as well as 10 times the likelihood of suicidal thoughts or actions and 15 times the likelihood of developing a panic disorder. All this was found in one 20 year study published in 2013.

In recent years, we have heard more and more about bullying and the alarming effects it has on our society. Bullying is defined by the Center for Disease and Control (CDC) as “any unwanted aggressive behavior(s) by another youth or group of youths who are not siblings or current dating partners that involves an observed or perceived power imbalance and is repeated multiple times or is highly likely to be repeated.” (“Featured Topic: Bullying Research” ) There are many forms of bullying, including but not limited to physical bullying, verbal bullying, and cyber and text bullying. The adverse effects can cause severe damage to the victim, including both physical and mental health issues as well as academic issues. Numerous studies

Regression analysis was conducted. McEwan & McEwan (2003) described this form of quantitative analysis as the most common measure designated by the amount of independent variables. Wang et al (2011) analysis categorized the measures of depression in association to the four types of bullying (physical, verbal, relational and cyber), accounting for the ratio of bullying to victimization. The analysis was conducted using version 9 of the STATA data analysis tool. The graphs and figures used in the analysis are difficult to interpret, and the statistics require more details to better assess the validity. The analysis methods were useful but required simplification. The statistical analysis was grouped together in one defining paragraph, but called for more

Bullying is a hot-button issue in children’s lives today, as parents, teachers, and counselors alike, attempt to determine the severity of bullying’s repercussions. While tradition dictates that bullying is a harmless childhood reality that has few long-term effects, research indicates that bullying threatens children’s normal developmental processes (Rettew & Pawlowski, 2016). In order to assist and counsel participants of bullying, counselors should understand that bullying effects children negatively, for the short and long-term, emotionally, psychologically and physically.