Bullying Is Defined As Unwanted Aggressive Behaviors By A Youth Or Group Of Youth

Bullying is defined as “verbal, physical, or psychological abuse or teasing accompanied by real or perceived imbalance of power” and is usually targets what children perceive as different (Olweus, 1993). Bullying is prevalent across the nation. It has devastating effects on students each day. Bullying is a problem for all students, regardless of race, gender or class. The National Education Association reports that 160,000 children are absent intentionally from school each day because they fear being bullied whether it is an attack or just intimidation by other students. This accounts for 15% of all school absenteeism (Hunter, 2012). Dan Olweus (1993) from the National School Safety Center tells us that bullying includes three parts: (1)

Bullying is all over the world. Each year there is over 3.2 million victims being bullied. Approximately 160,000 teens skip school every day because of bullying.17% of American students report being bullied 2 to 3 times a month in a year. To many within a school semester. Since 2002, fighting behaviour has increased, especially in grades six to eight. Boys are more likely to start bullying because of being bullied in their past. Girls are most likely to cyberbully. Nearly 43% of kids have been bullied online. According to Gale, cyberbullying is the use of the Internet, smartphones, or other electronic communication devices to spread harmful or embarrassing information about another person, such as talking about people, telling other people’s

School should be a place where students learn social and emotional skills as well as academics lessons but bullying has become a prominent issue in schools and it’s even occurring online. Bullying can be direct or indirect and it can affect every student in the school. Bullying undermine children’s safety, senses of belonging, feelings of value, and it also hamper their ability to learn. It can also create a climate of fear and disrespect that spreads throughout the school and even extends to the community. Bullying is different from conflict, fights, or disagreements. According to (Boston Public School), Bullying is a form of emotional or physical abuse that has three defining characteristics:

Bullying is a form of social interaction that is shaped by social norms of youths and adults as well schools and broader society. Bullying used to be thought of a playground hazard, perhaps even an essential rite of the passage. Most of the time have changed and there is increasing recognition that bullying can affect anyone, of any age, from childhood to adulthood, and that it makes lives miserable and unpleasant. Online and offline bullying are often related. A bullying relationship in school often extends to technology devices. Offline bullying is more prevalent among middle school students, where cyber bullying is more common among high school students. Youth involved in bullying whether they are the perpetrator or the victim tend to have

The formal definition of a bully is a person who uses strength or power to harm or intimidate those who are weaker. Bullies use intimidation, and threats to harm others in order to make themselves feel powerful and less insecure. Bullies will usually harm another peers due to their own personal insecurities or problems that may occur. If a person has issues such as the way he or she looks, or their intelligence, it may cause them to intentionally harm another person who contains the qualities or skill that the bully does not have. Bullying leads to major problems such as self-harm, a loss in self-confidence, and in extreme cases, suicide. These problems, caused by bullying are an eye-opener to people around the world, but unless personally affected by it, most people do not take charge and find a way to keep it from happening or stop it from reaching the point of no return.

The victims of bullying tend to experience psychological problems such as low self-esteem, anxiety and depression. Following these undesirable emotions, victims are most likely to avoid people, drop out from school, act out, and consume drugs and alcohol. Recently bullying has received a great amount of attention among research as well as the media. This is because bullying is happening more frequently, and it is

Ducharme define Bullying as an “act of repeated aggressive behavior in order to intentionally hurt another person, physically or mentally” (2010). Many students in elementary, middle and high school are absent from school every day because of fears of being bully. These students get bullied just because they’re different or have special needs. Students who are victims of bullying lose their self-esteem and confidence. It makes them feel worthless and unimportant. It also causes them to harm themselves or others. Bullying is a very negative act and a huge problem to students that needs to be stopped. We need to recognized the problem and provide a solution to it.

Bullying, a loathsome and unsavory act, is widely seen in all aspects of life, but more particularly in school settings. It features an aggressor intimidating or tormenting a weaker person in one way or another. This act usually ends badly for the victims and leaves him or her in a vulnerable and pitiful state. Thirty percent of U.S. students in grades six through ten are involved in moderate or frequent bullying; as bullies, as victims, or as both (National Survey). Bullying is increasingly viewed as an important contributor to youth violence, including homicide and suicide. It is more prevalent among males than females and occurs with greater frequency among middle school-aged youth than high school-aged youth; children who are obese,

Bullying can be hard to define, because research has shown that it comes in many forms which makes it difficult to find one set of characteristics that will describe a bully. Conclusively, studies have defined bullying as a set of repeated aggressive behavior that is intended to harm someone, which usually involves an imbalance of power between the victim and the perpetrator (Morgan, 2012, p. 174). Studies have shown that there are two distinct types of bullying, which is a direct form of verbal and physical aggression, and indirect, which often results in name calling, rumors and exclusion (Aluedse, 2006, p. 38). This form of peer victimization can have devastating effects on a child 's academic work and their physical and psychological well being (Limber, 2003, p. 23). In terms of gender, boys are more likely to be involved in physical bullying (direct) as for girls are more likely to be involved in indirect bullying (Wang et al, 2009, p. 371). Previous research indicates, that parents and friends are two important factors of social interaction associated with bullying and victimization among adolescences. Bullying is quite common among middle school children, because it is during this time that children go through puberty and hormonal changes. During this time students are looking to be accepted and fit into a specific group; however, when there is a lack of acceptance and esteem due to victimization, this can cause children to isolate themselves from those around them

The influence of school bullying is not as one dimensional as some have thought, and recent studies have examined this issue from the angles of student perception as well as socio-cultural perspectives (Espelage et al., 2014). Bullying is a dynamic issue with the capability to impact schools in numerous areas. Researchers typically categorize the negative effects of school bullying in terms of short and long term consequences and in terms of its impact on individual students and the climate of a school system. Smithyman, Fireman, and Asher (2014) have described a plethora of negative consequences faced by individual victims of bullying, including: reduced psychological and social adjustment, lower degrees of physical well-being, higher levels of depression, increased anxiety, poorer work and school achievement, and increased likelihood of suicide or suicidal ideation. Other researchers affirm these conclusions and include the following effects: lower commitment to school attendance, serious mental health problems, aggressive retaliatory behaviors, diminished confidence and self-esteem, increased feelings of loneliness and alienation, and higher overall psychological distress (Casebeer, 2012; Chisholm, 2014; Cornell et al. 2013). Not every victim of bullying should necessarily expect to experience these issues, but vast amounts of research confirm a significant a connection between these issues and bullying (Smithyman et al., 2014). Cornell et al. (2013) reports that

Bullying is an unwanted aggressive behavior intended to hurt people. There has been bullying incidents in different places. The outcome of all victims who are bullied end up being physically or emotionally injured. Most suicides happen because of bullying. Negative consequences of blaming the victim include low self-esteem for the victim, denial of fear by the critic, and avoidance of responsibility on the part of the bully.

Before discussing the effects of bullying, it’s important to know the definition of bullying. It has numerous definitions, all of which are related to aggression and control of power by intimidation. Bullying is generally defined as an intentional act of harm, either physical or emotional, upon those that are considered inferior or weaker. Not only that, but it can also be harmful to children and adolescents who are constantly moving through their identity development (Kira, Lewandowski, Ashby, Somers, Chiodo, & Odenat, 2014). It is also said that involvement in bullying, as the bully or victim, has negative effects on the physical and psychological health of children and on their future psychosocial adjustment as adults (Vaillancourt, Hymel, & McDougall, 2013).

Bullying is a form of action made by an aggressive person, and which it involves a direct or indirect approach to another person. The imbalance of power between the parties involved are dominating and submission. This behavior involves a negative pattern, having to deal with physical, verbal, gestural or non- verbal actions. The impact of emotional effects, and the long term consequences it holds for a person being targeted by this action.

Reports indicate that every single day, over 160,000 American children are absent from school, due to a fear of being bullied (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2012). Conversely, between 15 and 20 percent of students have reported bullying other students (Seigle, 2012). Bullying can have distressing effects and outcomes for children that may be long-lasting. Any child who has been bullied or been a bully is at an increased risk to develop issues that affect his or her well-being and development. School bullying has been characterized as a problematic behavior that affects school achievement, prosocial skills, and psychological well-being of both the aggressor and the victim (Wang, Iannotti, & Nansel, 2009). Students that have been victimized by bullying may deal with negative effects on concentration and learning in school, and may refuse to attend school or avoid it altogether (Menard & Grotpeter, 2014). Previous research has found that peer victimization is negatively correlated with academic achievement with the link being greater for boys than for girls (Wang & Iannotti, 2012). Due to a lowered sense of self-efficacy, victims of bullying tend to have lower academic achievement then their peers and are more likely to be absent from school (Williams & Kennedy, 2012). Research has also found that students feel less safe and less satisfied with school life when bullying behavior and problems occur in the school and are not handled in an appropriate manner (Menard

It is alarming that students between the ages of 8 and 18 consider pressure to engage in sexual activity, AIDS, racism, alcohol and drug use to be less problematic than bullying. They consider the latter a far greater problem than the former (Domino, 2013). Bullying has been defined as a subcategory of interpersonal aggression characterized by intentionality, repetition, and imbalance of power, with abuse of power being a primary distinction between bullying and other forms of aggression. Moreover it is a unique but complex form of interpersonal aggression, which takes many forms, serves different functions, and is manifested in different patterns of relationships. Bullying is not simply a dyadic problem between a bully and a victim, but is recognized as a group phenomenon, occurring in a social context in which various factors serve to promote, maintain, and suppress such behavior (Hymel & Sweareer, 2015). There seems to be an array of definitions for bullying, but for the most part “research agrees that bullying is (1) chronic, (2) done with the intention to harm, (3) relational, and (4) is a form of exposure to violence that presents a major threat to healthy development through adolescence (Fitpatrick, Dulin, & Piko, 2010).”