Bullying Victimization And Its Effects

Bullying is defined as the prolonged malicious act of harming peers by abusing their own--or an existing imbalance of--power, and has become one of the most common sources of trauma among adolescents. One report shows that one of three children were victims of bullying during some point in their life, and that 10-14% of all adolescents were victims of chronic bullying for at least six months prior to participating in the survey. Children who were victims of bullying are also found to be at a higher risk of diagnoses for anxiety disorders and depression during young and middle adulthood. These victims are reported to be more likely to have lower levels of general/physical health, and lower educational acquirements than young and middle-aged adults who were not bullied (Wolke & Lereya, 2015). Because bullying is such a prominent problem, citizens, policymakers, and social scientists alike, should feel or have some social and moral obligation to address, and hopefully avert bullying. The state of bullying, and how it is enacted, is constantly changing and adapting to social frameworks. Because bullies can adapt to social changes and regulations, we, as a society, should be equally adaptive in how we perceive, address, prevent, and punish bullying.

Bullying has become more of an issue that is threatening our younger generation today. Bullying is becoming more of a vicious act in public schools throughout the United States (Coloroso, 2003; Felix & McMahon, 2006). There are many adverse effects that are caused by this disgraceful act. The average school-age child is silently or overtly tormented on a daily basis. Many of these students who experience bullying feel that they have no one to talk to, or that they have no where to go. The motives that the bullies take can cause harmful and even devastating results. In today’s society, bullying provokes emotional, social, and cognitive distress in the

She describes that confronting the bully, by fightback, sharing with friend and family for intervention, are different strategies used by victims. In some case the victim is unable to equalize this power over the bully. Which can prolong, ongoing humiliation dealing with issues, such as divorce in the family, drastic learning disabilities, as well as chronic illness potently can cause a breaking point. Having low self-esteem, depression, and suicidal and homicidal ideations. Some victims carry the hurt of bullying into adulthood. More or less victims tend to lose faith in other people for comfort and support. She contends “the adverse social and emotional consequences of bullying victimization do not support the idea that bullying builds character. Victimization may build character for a tiny proportion of the population.” (Kuykendall 2012). Bullying for the most part can be traumatic and painful should not be silently approved. Bullies hold social power than the victims. However attacks arise from frustration. Provocative victims are typically sincerely sorry and very apologetic after an attack, a reflection of genuine or low self-esteem. True bullies consume high self-esteem.

According to an article about bullying and victimization, it was noted that male victimization rates for bullies was among the highest and because bullying became more detrimental in the later stages of middle to late adolescents, due to self-blame, loneliness, anxiety and low self-esteem (Graham and Juvonen 1998). Also, peer victimization may lead to depression, low self-evaluation, anxiety and other different mental health problems (Crick &

This article explores the prevalence rates of bullying victimization among special needs students in the United States. The researchers describe bullying victimization as the misuse and abuse of power to harm or humiliate an individual over time. Investigators have reported a higher rate of bullying and victimization among students with disabilities when compared with mainstream peers. Special needs students are prey for bullies because of characteristics related to their disabilities. Many students diagnosed with developmental delay lack social and communication skills. Disabilities such as autism, specific learning disorders, emotional disorders or attention deficit disorders may cause an individual to behave in a variety of ways. These students behaviors may be perceived as withdrawn,

“Nationwide, one out of four students from the ages twelve to eighteen have been bullied. That is twenty five percent to the teenage/young adult population and these numbers are continuously to rise every day” (Wassdorp, Bradshaw, and Leaf 116, 149-156). Bullying is the action of repeated harmful acts or harassing another in various forms. Many situations fall under one or even multiple of these categories: physical, verbal, indirect, and cyber. What this does is strips the victim down from their identity and leaves them to pity themselves for being the way they are. Bullying is an issue in this nation because it tears apart the teenage/young adult population, and it is causing an increase in risk of suicide among these groups. Bullying is

Bullying is defined as the prolonged malicious act of harming peers by abusing their own--or an existing imbalance of--power, and has become one of the most common sources of trauma among adolescents. One report shows that one of three children were victims of bullying during some point in their life, and that 10-14% of all adolescents were victims of chronic bullying for at least six months prior to conducting the survey. Children who were victims of bullying are also found to be at a higher risk of diagnoses for anxiety disorders and depression during young and middle adulthood. These victims are reported to be more likely to have lower levels of general/physical health and lower educational acquirements than young and middle aged adults who were not bullied (Wolke & Lereya, 2015). Because bullying is such a prominent problem, citizens, policymakers, and social scientists alike, should feel or have some social and moral obligation to address, and hopefully avert bullying.

Bullying is a pervasive problem among children and adolescents, and may take various forms including physical (e.g., hitting), verbal (e.g., name-calling), relational (e.g., social isolation), or occurring in cyber space. Previous studies have consistently shown that depression is associated with exposure to bullying. Bully-victims, a group of individuals who are both bullies and victims, are a distinct group at highest risk for psychosocial problems.

Bullying victimization experiences are linked with many problems such as mental health , anti- social and addictive problems in the adulthood . In addition , it also creates problems with the socioeconomic development for the adults , for example , finishing school or college , marital disruption and unemployment . However , type of bullying victimization is different to/from men and women , which create different outcomes of each victim . For example , females are more likely to suffer negative and psychological impacts on the indirect bullying victimization than males . While males are more likely to engage in anti-social and addictive behavior than females due to the direct bullying victimization . Thus , prevention programs neglected addressing

Not only but also, common in research literature on bullying is the dichotomy of bullying and victim behavior(Edmonson

Bullying can be defined in three aspects: frequency, intentionality, and power differential. “Bullying involves aggressive acts that are repeated over time with intentionality and a power differential between the victim and the perpetrator” (Malecki, et al. 2015, p.116). Bullied victims and peer-victimized youth have different levels of depression symptoms including different coping strategies. In the article they state that bullying rates decreased as students left middle school and moved up to the high school level. Meaning bullying behaviors are more prevalent among students in middle school in grades 6th to 8th. It is said that students in middle school who are involved in bullying are more likely to show impulsive aggressive behaviors

Face to face bullying and more recently cyberbullying victimization in the youth has been associated with multiple negative psychological aspects including, but not limited to, an increase in different internalizing difficulties and lower subjective well being. Even though both those aspects has been independently associated to victimization, little is known about the mediating effect of the perceived well being in relation with internalizing difficulties and both type of

This article explores the prevalence rates of bullying victimization among special needs students in the United States. Investigators of this study report an advanced rate of bullying and victimization among students with disabilities when compared with mainstream peers. However, special needs students are prey for bullies because of characteristics related to their disabilities. Typically, many special needs students may be unaware of bullying victimization because of poor social and communication skills that comprise of misread facial expressions, body language, and tone. Furthermore, disabilities

Bullying can be hard to define, because research has shown that it comes in many forms which makes it difficult to find one set of characteristics that will describe a bully. Conclusively, studies have defined bullying as a set of repeated aggressive behavior that is intended to harm someone, which usually involves an imbalance of power between the victim and the perpetrator (Morgan, 2012, p. 174). Studies have shown that there are two distinct types of bullying, which is a direct form of verbal and physical aggression, and indirect, which often results in name calling, rumors and exclusion (Aluedse, 2006, p. 38). This form of peer victimization can have devastating effects on a child 's academic work and their physical and psychological well being (Limber, 2003, p. 23). In terms of gender, boys are more likely to be involved in physical bullying (direct) as for girls are more likely to be involved in indirect bullying (Wang et al, 2009, p. 371). Previous research indicates, that parents and friends are two important factors of social interaction associated with bullying and victimization among adolescences. Bullying is quite common among middle school children, because it is during this time that children go through puberty and hormonal changes. During this time students are looking to be accepted and fit into a specific group; however, when there is a lack of acceptance and esteem due to victimization, this can cause children to isolate themselves from those around them

involved in bullying.  A longitudinal study of male students who were bullied as children showed their