Bupivacaine Report

One in five people in the United States suffered from allergies or asthma symptoms (Allergy Statistics and Facts, webmd.com) . Most people at some point have taken or bought Benadryl to relieve an allergic reaction, itchiness, or for the common cold. In 1943, George Rieveschl discovered diphenhydramine while researching muscle relaxers. Eventually, Rieveschl changed the name of the antihistamine relief drug from diphenhydramine into Benadryl. Benadryl is now a common household name, that has various uses, ways to be taken, and side effects.

Everybody has memorable and disheartening days in their life and some make you look at the bigger picture in life and adjust your true values. For me a memory that’s so vivid in my brain it seems like it happened yesterday though it did not. This was the day my grandpa was hospitalized and had later died of a brain aneurysm. He suffered a lot of brain damage in the process because he toke Advil regularly and with that his blood was very thin and that caused a lot of blood to run into his head and around his brain. The thought if he never had taken Advil if he would still be around today is always in my head. From this incident I have made a goal to not use any pain medication unless it is cleared with a medical staff or doctor, this puts me at a small minority with people who I am around. As an athlete a lot of people look to Advil and other over the

Pain is a common symptom that is associated with numerous medical issues, including musculoskeletal problems that physical therapist see on a day to day basis. There are several different ways to treat pain and one of them is to provide a means of releasing opioids in the body to alter the pain experience. In fact, there are three different types of opioids: naturally occurring (endogenous or exogenous substances such as natural endorphins or poppy), semisynthetic (exogenous substances that contain both natural and synthetic agents), and synthetic agents (man-made substances used to mimic the effect of natural substances) used to decrease the symptom of pain.1

Postoperative surgical pain can often be moderate to severe leaving the client in a state of discomfort that requires the administration of opioid analgesic medications. Morphine intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is commonly provided through a pump to treat postoperative surgical pain, but with advances in the medication administration field, a fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system (ITS) has become another popular method (Lindley, Pestano, & Gargiulo, 2009). Morphine and fentanyl are similar medications in that they are both opioid analgesics and are both equally effective to reduce pain, but they offer differences through their administration techniques, comfort for the client, and providing care in a timely manner by the nurse. The nurse must take into consideration these differences to choose the proper medication for their specific client.

Levobupivacaine is the S(−)-enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine; it has less cardiotoxicity compared with bupivacaine,1, 2 and its pharmacology and duration of anesthesia are similar to those of bupivacaine.2

Drugs are a double-edged sword by providing therapeutic effects with the potential to be toxic when it is not used properly. Medication safety has become a concern, especially with the rise in chronic illness and the aging population leading to polypharmacy, where a patient take multiple medications, increasing risk of drug related problems (Kwan & Farrell, 2013). As a solution, the Government of Ontario introduced and funded a pharmacist led medication review program called MedsCheck. Started in 2007, patients who take over three chronic medications are eligible for an annual 30 minute one-to-one medication consultation with the pharmacist to make sure medications are taken properly and safely. This program was expanded in 2010 to include

A medicine to numb a small area (local anesthetic) may be injected in the area where the spinal or epidural anesthetic will be

aspect to assess the safety and appropriateness of IV acetaminophen use in hospital setting. Several published hospital utilization medication reports showed an increase consumption of intravenous acetaminophen.

Bupivacaine is a drug used in various surgeries that is given to a patient as an anesthetic. If administered, the area around the injection is numb and pain signals that would normally be sent to the brain would cease. This drug can be administered in a number of areas one of which includes the cervical plexus. A plexus is a network of nerves connecting the left and right side of our bodies together through axons from anterior rami. The cervical plexus is found deep in the neck area, and extends to different parts of the body . This plexus contributes not only to the skin and muscles in the head and neck, but also to our chest and upper portion of the shoulders. The cervical nerve roots C1-C4 make up this plexus and C5 contributes as well.

The institute ethics committee of JIPMER approved this study and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. This was a single center double blind randomized study. Patients between 18 to 60 years undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery at Dentistry department of JIPMER were randomized in a double blind fashion to receive intravenous paracetamol 1gram over 20 minutes prior to induction followed by normal saline infusion or intravenous dexmedetomidine 1µg/kg over 20 minutes prior to induction followed by 0.5µg/kg/hr. Simple randomization was done by the opaque sealed envelope technique. One of the anaesthetist apart from investigator randomly opened one of the opaque sealed envelope and prepared the drugs accordingly. We excluded

Multimodal pain management strategy using liposomal bupivacaine (EXPERAL) in Knee Arthroplasty for better postsurgical analgesic outcome and economic benefits.

Propofol is a hypnosis which is used to keep the patient sedated during the surgery this also used to keep patients sedated (Stonebridge, 2012). The most common physiological effects of Propofol are the local pain during the injection, eyes rolling back; coughing after anaesthesia, arching body spasms, muscle jerks, muscle twitching, slow heartbeat, hot flushes, increased breathing, hiccups, and periods of not breathing this is when the anaesthetist oxygenates the patient since the patient is sedated. Low blood pressure is also a side effect which shows on the monitor that the blood pressure levels have dropped once the Propofol has been injected (Stonebridge, 2012). Another common side effect is increased levels of fat in the blood, which

Although the use of illegal drugs among teens is on the decline, there is an increase in the abuse of prescription drugs. The abuse of opioids is on the rise partially because of its availability. How many of us having an old prescription in the medicine cabinet? It’s not only pain medication either some adolescents think prescription drugs like Adderall will help them study better.

Narcotics are central nervous system depressants that relieve pain without causing the user to lose consciousness. It is this reason many people choose to abuse prescription narcotics.

Naproxen (Naprosyn) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) used to treat joint pain. M.H. was previously prescribed Naproxen to reduce the bilateral wrist pain and associated inflammation. Naproxen is mainly used to reduce inflammation, stiffness, and pain. NSAIDs block the formation of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are involved in the body’s normal function and inflammatory response. Proteins, Cox-1 and Cox-2, control these prostaglandins. Cox-1 controls the formation of the prostaglandins involved in the normal function of the body’s organs. Cox-2 controls the formation of the prostaglandins involved in the body’s inflammatory response. By preventing the body from producing prostaglandins, NSAIDs reduce swelling and pain.