Bureaucratic Government's Failure To Combat Transnational Crime

Both domestic and international measures are somewhat effective in dealing with international crime. Both crimes against the international community and Transnational crimes represent both positive outcomes in dealing with international crime, thus, exemplify issues in key areas. Through intergovernmental organizations such as the International Criminal Court and Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB), international crime Is effectively dealt with. Hence, problems such as extradition and people smuggling are hard to contain. These four issues will also be discussed in light of key effectiveness criteria, including equality, access, resources and the protection of rights.

In the last decades, narco trafficking and organized crime had emerged as the main security threats in Latin America. Deviant globalization increase their power by establishing connections with similar organizations in other parts of the world, like cocaine distribution networks, for example. This perceived danger increases the pressure on the governments for effective solutions, and some of them consider that these problems had overwhelmed the capabilities of the local police. Consequently, the intervention of military forces would be necessary to secure the stability of the countries. However, the use of force as the only solution is the outcome of a misunderstanding of the root causes that generates them. This paper presents the research for a general pattern in the region that is helpful to understand how the civil society perceives the failures of governance and how the networks of illegal activities exploit this perception.

In our reading of Illicit by Naim (2005), he suggests that the asymmetrical relationship between the government and transnational crime groups create a struggle for the government to respond to these transnational crimes at a decent rate (Naim,2005). On the other side our reading in McMafia: A Journey Through the Global Criminal Underworld by Glenny (2009), suggest otherwise. Glenny (2009) suggests that of a relationship between transnational crime groups, the public, the government and this is a huge aspect to how the government responds to these factors. Both perspectives contain their strengths and weaknesses, however the dependency theory by Glenny has more valid points than that of the asymmetrical theory by Naim.

In this current day, we are considered to be living in the “golden age of drug trafficking”. In 2016, top officials and diplomats from governments all over the world met at the United Nations headquarters to figure out what do to about the worldwide drug trafficking problem. Over various days of the discussions, they came to the conclusion to make a more extensive advancement and approach, but continue to keep conducting the war on drugs. They developed an “outcome document” that orders countries to restrict, prevent and conflict drug related crime. This will be done by disturbing the trafficking, production, manufacturing and cultivation of drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin and other banned substances. The UN’s data presents that the “supply-oriented” stand to battling the trafficking of drugs has ld to a consistency of failure. The data also shows that even the billions of dollars that has been spent attempting to exterminate illicit crops, seize loads of drug produce and detain traffickers has led to more worldwide drug use and production than ever. It has also been noted that while these drug treaties continue to not be changes, the pace and evolution of organized crime has been moving right beside the global economy. Progression in transportation, technology and options of travel have been an addition to the capability and productivity of the global economy. To be exact, globalization has driven and fueled this bursted outbreak of the illegal drug trade.

As a rule, transnational crimes are committed by individuals not associated with the policy of a state, and the responsibility for their commission comes under domestic criminal law of the country. States - Parties to the fight against certain types of transnational crimes are required to criminalize the act, whose compositions are provided for in international instruments, and to provide sanctions for their

To ignore the realities and outcomes associated, is to ignore a worldwide security threat. What type of security threat is it? Traditionally, security analysists who evaluated trafficking concentrated on matters regarding border security, migration controls, and international law enforcement cooperation. While prioritizing the security of persons being trafficked, traditional objectives fundamentally ignored social constructions adhered to the trafficking victim. (Lobasz, 2009).

Transnational crimes, including the trafficking of human, drugs and weapons, corruption have the ability threaten the stability of a nation and regional organisation such as ASEAN. Indonesia’s abundance of transnational crime is considered an obstacle to regional security of Southeast Asia. UNODC estimates over $1.4 billion of revenue obtained from transnational crimes in 2014. With over four million methamphetamine users the production and shipping of drugs within Indonesia poses a significant risk to the region and Australia in particular due to their geographical proximity. Organised crime is also affecting the state directly as there have be issues of resorting stolen state funds from overseas accounts. There exists a risk that should Indonesia continue to grow economically then organised criminal may be in a position to exploit the existing system of corruption and undermine international trust in the

The role of globalization has allowed tremendous developments in Member States, world markets, an increase in life expectancy and well-being. Nevertheless, a more technologically and economically connected world has provided a framework in which TOC networks can use to target weak or vulnerable populations and better organize their operations more efficiently. The networks that connect criminals across borders has lead to the circumvention of laws, organizational structures and intelligence operations and agencies.” In recent decades the trends for TOC networks have been described as evolving towards loose networks. While hierarchical structures occur in areas with low governance and are rooted in the identity of the territories they control; loose networks “exist without the formal apparatus

The assigned reading thus far has been able to discuss and elaborate on the factors that are shaping transnational crime and its relations to national security. Four factors that can be considered is the fall of communism, failed governments, advancement in technology and finally economic liberalization. To begin with, the fall of communism lead to a breakdown of political and economic barriers in the world. With this sudden shift, people began to migrate between countries, deregulation of trade barriers began, and money being moved between free market countries and democracies were no longer regulated by the Soviet Union. However, though the Soviet Union was no longer in control there was a new power uprising. This new found power was at

Organized Crime is criminal activities that are planned and controlled by powerful groups and carried out on a large scale. Organized Crime groups have increased in dimension and activities in the past decade and have become global threats causing a serious obstacle in the international community. In the United States, such groups have continued to widen despite measures to curb them and they have established networks in the biggest cities. “Criminal groups have well developed international networks that help them to better exercise their activities in both legal and illegal markets by using extremely complicated strategies and varied modi operandi” (Jenkins & Gary 1987). Due

There is no doubt that globalization, the rapid spread of technology and information, has evolved and created an opportunity for crimes to be planned in one country and executed all the way across the world. Technological advances of the 21st century, created by globalization, have fostered new transnational organized crimes (TOC). These criminals are profit motivated by criminal actions of an international nature. Many of these crimes include drug trafficking, smuggling of migrants, human trafficking, money-laundering, trafficking in firearms, and counterfeit goods. These crimes undermine economic, social, cultural, political and civil development of countries around the world due to vast sums of money created by TOC. In addition, TOC also threatens peace and security leading to human rights violations directly impacting many countries’ ability to govern its citizens. With weak governments, TOC creates corruption making government officials more susceptible to these criminal activities.

Despite several aggressive efforts by law enforcement agencies, organized crime continues to be a serious social problem (Lyman & Potter, 2014). It is important to understand organized crime and its effects on society. Therefore, this paper analyses the definition of organized crime, law enforcement agencies response to organized crime, and the importance of understanding this form of crime.

The article under review is “Contemporary Landscape of Crime, Order and control: Governance, Risk and Globalization”. The article is coauthored by two esteemed individuals with a solid background in related studies these individuals are Ian Loader and Richards Sparks. According to the introductory portion of the article, the authors intend to use the article to highlight and discuss the pertinent and imminent changes in the landscape of criminology around the world with respect to the early twenty first century. Authors’ thesis statement alludes that changes in the landscape of crime, order and control will automatically warrant a proportional change in criminology as a field. This relationship is based on the fact that the two entities are directly related to each other such that a minor shift in one entity will inadvertently cause a minor shift in the parameters of the other entity . The authors sought to advance their arguments about the topic using three clear aspects of criminology that are governance, risk and globalization. The authors discuss each subheading at length and draw several examples from the immediate environment and supported by several other credible sources listed at the end of the document. This article, in contextual terms, seems to address the seemingly ever shifting components of criminology as a subject in relation to the modern trends and societal changes. The authors question whether the modern sovereign state is capable of

This essay will discuss some threats transnational organised crime have to Southeast Asian states. By comparing to traditional security paradigm threats, this essay will argue that in order for states to combat transnational organised crime, they must consider and use traditional and non-traditional means. First, this essay will present the security paradigm of traditional security. In this section, this essay will discuss the points of, the focus traditional security has on the protection of the state and traditional security threats such as external military forces. Secondly, this essay will present the non-traditional security paradigm; discussing the people-centred approach of non-traditional security, and non-traditional security threats. Thirdly, this essay will focus on security challenges of transnational organised crime on Southeast Asian states, discussing the challenges human trafficking, drug trafficking, corruption and bribes, and illegal logging. At the end of each of the organised crime security challenges, this essay will discuss how these challenges differ from traditional security threats.

The author begin her argument by stated a research finding to support her argument. She mentions that researches from United Nations Office on drugs and crime stated criminal activities of smugglers weaken the capacity of countries to safeguard their own authority to combat crime and corruption. Moreover, the author is taking victim personal experience to support her argument by survivor share his harrowing tales of their ordeals; people crammed into windowless storage spaces or forced to sit still in urine or seawater. To further support her argument by stating the example, she