Business Studies (Hsc) - Operations

Globalization refers to the development of an integrated world economy, exchange of cultural views, thoughts, and products (Wikipedia, 2013). Pologeorgis (2012) states that, essentially globalization began with the exploration and settlement of new lands. Communication and transportation advances have aided in this process.

Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. Globalization is simply the interactions of different countries throughout the world. International Trade as previously defined is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories, which could involve the activities of the government and individual. International Trade and Globalization go hand in hand. Both of these two are usually very beneficial to businesses such as

Globalisation is the internationalization of trade and often forces businesses to adopt new strategies for operations to suit different cultures and economies. The often easily saturated domestic market has triggered many large

The first of the nine influences is Globalisation. This is the increased economic integration of the world’s nations. Many businesses now have established a global web strategy where different elements of the key business functions are conducted. This form of outsourcing not only minimizes costs but also increases efficiency. An

According to our reading assignment 'Globalization 101', globalization is "a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology."

Globalisation is the growth and integration between the economies in different countries for movement of goods and services. Globalisation

Multinational corporations often sell products in various countries with prices denominated in corresponding local currencies. It is widely recognized that as the volatility in exchange rates has increased dramatically after the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates (Smith, Smithson and Wilford, 1990), multinational corporations may have become increasingly vulnerable to exchange risk since the short term movements in exchange rates are often not accompanied by offsetting changes in prices in the corresponding countries (Shapiro, 1992). Exchange rate exposure is an important source of risk for multinational corporations such as transaction exposure, economic exposure, and translation exposure. Thus, managers of multinational firms employ a number of foreign exchange hedging strategies in order to protect against exchange rate risk. The primary reason companies would hedge foreign exchange risk is so that they do not want to lose money on capital or assets they have stored in different

Globalization can be defined as ‘international integration’, which can be described as the process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and functioning together. This process is a combination of economic, technological, and political forces (dictionary.com).

Frequently, people are unclear of exactly what Globalization means. Globalization is the tendency of the world's economies to act as a single interdependent economy. It can be described as the increased movement of people, knowledge, ideas, goods and money across national borders to make the world more unified in a sense. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are other components with this idea like, economics, and cultures. There is a huge debate of whether or not globalization is positive or negative.

Most firms hedge at least some of their risks. Hedging can take two basic forms—namely, natural hedging and hedging by means of derivative instruments. The use of derivatives as hedges has expanded greatly in recent years.

Hedging can be defined as a risk management mechanism or strategy which is used to prevent the chances of incurring losses which arise as a result of fall in prices commodities or currencies. It is a technique which is majorly used by the investors in protecting their capital against the effects of the economic situations such as inflation whereby the investors invests in the high yield financial instruments or take a position to cushion them against such effects (Investopedia, 2012).

There is a large set of literatures about pros and cons of hedging. The first advantage of hedging is minimizing foreign exchange rate risk. Firms will increase their use of foreign exchange derivatives to hedge against the negative effects of currency risk directly related to their operations (Menon, S., & Viswanathan, K. G., 2005). Exchange rates risk is one of the major problem that face by the non- financial companies. Changes in exchange rate will influence volume of foreign trading, the costs of foreign purchasing, profile and the structure of foreign markets in which the company operates in the long run effect. Exchange rate changes could affect profit margins, through their effect on sources for inputs, markets for outputs and debt, and the value of assets (Papaioannou, M. G., 2006). The operational hedging appears to be robust to increased exchange rate volatility suggests that firms without (or with limited) operational hedges should carefully consider the possibility of using this more robust protection against foreign exchange risk (Hutson, E., & Laing, E., 2014). So, the hedging can be used as a risk management tool by the investors to minimize the foreign exchange risk.

How can we define globalization? According to Kleniewski, “Globalization refers to the increasing interdependence of the world’s economy” (Kleniewski, 135). This means that most economies around the world depend upon each other for economic growth, whether is by trading globally otherwise by having people migrate from one country to the other. Globalization has been able to help corporations to grow in a very efficient way when also affecting poor developing countries.

Globalization refers to the interconnection among countries, politically, economically and culturally. Globalization has come into existence due to the following factors: (i) betterment in transportation and communication, (ii) human and capital mobility, (iii) increasing formation and existence of NGOs and multinational corporations.

Great Eastern Toys is a company in Hong Kong that exports a huge percent of its total sales to the North American and European markets and hence is exposed to currency risk. Previously, the company was occupied with expanding their business and the company 's management had never given much attention to currency risk until their recent meeting with their banker. The banker pointed out that the depreciation of the European currencies during the previous two years had resulted in a substantial loss of income. The company 's management was indeed convinced that they should begin to devote more time and manage their currency position. In this report, we are going to explore the different options for Great Eastern Toys to hedge