C. A. Domesticus: A Case Study

Mate choice is a product of mate preferences form in the environment of evolutionary adaptiveness (EEA). Sexual selection suggests that females prefer males who they can gain benefits from such as gifts. This is shown in male birds who make nests for females in order to mate with them and also in insects who give nuptial gifts.

When one male group doesn’t have the luxury of having females, they form or join a group of males similar to a bachelor’s group. In some of these species, the group of males attacks the one male group in order to take his throne and seize the females (Hoglund, J. 1995). Sometimes, the females may get tired of sharing the male with the other females in the group. Hoglund recorded (1995, pg. 76) “so they seek out males from all male groups to mate with during breeding season. Such influxes occur seasonally between blue monkeys (Rowell, 1988), Hanuman Langurs (Boories et al., 1999), ring-tailed lemurs (Sussman, 1992), and sifakas (Richard 1992).” A nonhuman

The function of mate guarding in the field crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus Abstract: In insect species with indirect sperm transfer, sperm is packed in a spermatophore that is either externally attached to the female 's genital opening or introduced into her bursa copulatrix. Sperm transfer is not immediate in these species, and consequently mate guarding has been suggested to function as a mechanism of guarding sperm until it is released from the spermatophore into the female (i.e. spermatophore guarding). Spermatophore guarding is relatively common in insect species with external spermatophores (e.g. Orthoptera; Alcock 1994; Simmons 2001), but supposedly absent in species with internal spermatophores and rapid sperm release (Simmons 2001). This study focuses on two hypothesis associated with mate guarding a tactic of many species that adjust their reproductive behaviour according to the apparent risk of sperm competition. The phenomenon of mate guard to consider sperm competition levels and evolution of internal spermatophore guard is wide spread in insects and other animals. We analyse two hypothesis one the rival exclusion followed by the next spermatophore renewal hypothesis. Results showed that as rival was introduced to the arena of mating of the distinctive original male (guard) in many cases showed a strong aggressive behaviour regardless of whether successively avert the rival. In the second hypothesis certainly majority of the incidents showed an attempt of

In site one, where the Parahomo fracticranius was discovered, it can be assumed that the habitat for the species was an open grassland due to the fact that other fossils of animals that lived in the area were grazers. Since there were 14 remains of both male and female sexes, it can be assumed that the P. fracticranius lived in a large multi-male, multi-female system. Based on the lectures from class, it is known that for most cases, multi-male, multi-female environments result in polypoly mating (Atkisson Lecture: Primate mating systems and primate evo). Therefore, it can be assumed that the P. fracticranius not only engaged in polypoly mating, but they also had some sexual dimorphism and large testes. The evidence that supports the sexual dimorphism claim can be seen when the body size of the female and male are compared since the male’s body size is 41 kg larger than the female’s.

Title: Is Sexual Selection In Male Pharomachrus mocinno favoured by Longer Plume Tail Length due to Increase in Colour?

Males of this species have been known to display a variety of colours and patterns in order to attract mates. However the extravagance of their colours can be determined on the selection pressures of their environment.

The ASR, for example, is population-specific but its effects underscore the pervasive and recurring issue of sexual conflict. In Rossmanith (2006), male-biased ASR was correlated with increased occurrence of polyandry in the lesser spotted woodpecker (Picoides minor). In song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), males were monogamous at times when there was an excess of males, but were inclined to polygyny with the materialization of female-biased ASR. Liker (2014) summarized that polygamy by males is much more frequent with female-biased ASR than with male-biased ASR, whereas polygamy by females is more common at male-biased ASR. The favorable sex subsequently pursues auspicious mating opportunities and can desert their mate, often to re-nest with a new mate (Pilastro

This result is not very clear, since the purpose of the outcome does not suggest whether the use of space is correlated with environmental factors shaping mating

When examining the frequency and duration of the web vibrations being produced by Stenolemus bituberus and the prey, the researchers observed that the assassin bugs created web vibrations similar to the low-amplitude web movements generated by exhausted prey. Additionally, the researchers found that the assassin bugs never generated the distinctive vibration caused by prey landing on the web, nor did they create the high amplitude long duration web vibrations caused by the wing beats of struggling prey2. They also found that prey continuously generated high amplitude vibrations as they struggled in the web, while the leaf only generated one large wavelength from its initial impact2.The researchers also found that the spiders generally had no response to the leaf, and that the female spiders responded to the vibrations of the courting male by assuming a copulatory stance2. However, the courting male spiders generated a repeated web vibration not observed from the other forms web stimuli, suggesting a method by which female spiders discriminate courting male spiders from the other web

146) with regards to tails lengths, color, shape size and structure. These traits are costly as they affect only one sex and prove to be harmful for survival, an example is the male red-collard widowbird with tail feathers twice as long as its body and struggles to fly with his tail flopping behind (Coyne 2010). However, Coyne (2010) clarifies, “the currency for selection is not really survival, but successful reproduction. Having a fancy tail or a seductive song doesn’t help you survive, but may increase your chances of having offspring” (Coyne 2010 p. 148). Although Coyne’s explanation made understanding this topic a little easier, it seems that some male species are doomed for a short life. My question is why? What sets them apart? Surely having more than one off spring is desirable for that species. Does it go beyond mating and reproducing? Coyne (2010) explains that the choosy female is the underlying explanation for dimorphism but it seems insufficient, even Darwin didn’t have that answer.

The Aggression between Acheta domesticus males The male Acheta domesticus show behaviors of aggression to increase their chances for reproduction with females and improve their fitness. The resident males are more likely to win in combats against non-resident males in environments with a higher value of resources. Studies have also shown

Research poses two notions while addressing the Lagothrix mating system. This During estrus, males will sniff the anogenital region and lick the clitoris (Ramirez, 1988). Copulations were also found to be preceded by the female presenting her genitals and by embracing and huddling by the pair (Ramirez, 1988). During copulation the male will mount the female from behind, dorso-ventral, lock the legs over her thighs, wrap the arms around her abdomen, then make thrusts with the pelvis (Ramirez, 1988). During mounting both the males and females will perform teeth chattering (Nishimura, 1988; cited in Nishimura, 1990). Females may also mount the males during sexual encounters (Ramirez, 1988).

This journal describes the growth over the past couple of years in terms of research on sexual selection. It articulates the influence sexual selection play on pre- and post-copulatory selection mechanisms, such as sperm storage/utilization, courtship, mate choice aggressive competition between male species and sexual conflict. In this journal, genetic mechanisms are highlighted to address some of the recently questioned areas of pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. Although all the genetic mechanisms for sexual selection are not yet known, many of the identified genes show evidence of positive selection. It showed that sexual selection leads to the rapid coevolution of male and female reproductive organs. They identified how new techniques

The female ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus) prefer to mate with nesting males over sneaker males due to better parental care by nesting males (Alonzo 2008). Since S. ocellatus reproduces by external fertilization, once the female drops her eggs for the nesting male to reproduce, the sneaker males have the opportunity to spread their seed as well. Sneaker males are known to throw out more seed compared to the nesting males, but the female cannot stop mating with sneakers (Alonzo 2000). Females with internal fertilization have a cryptic (post-mating spermatic choice in the reproductive tract) mechanism, which is governed by the presence of ovarian fluid (Rosengrave 2008). The researchers wondered whether this cryptic choice was also seen

The males in most cases are the most active in courtship- they are in fact, the best provided with and are the more attractive of the two sexes in various ways. The attractions are flaunted in an elaborate manner in the presence of the females; and also only during the mating season. It also happens to be, that the individuals of one sex are capable of feeling a preference for a certain individual of the opposite sex according to Darwin. When the above happens, like in the case of the argus pheasant where the females are attracted to the exotic shading of the ball-and-socket ornaments and designs on the wing feathers of the male, it is interesting to notice that the males especially flaunt their great plumes only during the mating season and preferably in the presence of his female counterpart/counterparts. The great plumes which prevent the wings from being used for flight, thus, can be traced to the fact that they were given to the male as an ornament. Also, interesting is the fact that, the females would likely mate with that male argus pheasant who had the greatest plume because it charms them.