C. Townsendii Phylogeny: AP Biology

breeding in North American and spending the winter south of the border in Mexico. The burrowing owl

This paper explores a regional issue of White-Nose Syndrome in bats throughout Missouri. Left untreated this fungus could cause several endangered bat species to become extinct. There are several new experiments to see if we can control the spread of White-Nose Syndrome including exposing bats to a bacterium, creating man made hibernation stations or other changes within the bats makeup. The best results we have seen so far must go back to the preservation of a banana. This bacterium may be the best way to preserve our current way of life without hopefully changing to world around us greatly as well.

Although the visual systems of bats and humans vary in many ways, both visual systems have evolved to benefit each species differently. While humans see life in color with their cones during the day, bats are the kings of nocturnal mammals and are capable of maneuvering throughout the night. It has become clear that bats are capable of so much more then just echolocation from a visual perspective. It is beyond fascinating to realize that what was once thought of as true, is actually false in reality. Therefore, it is safe to say that the phrase “you are as blind as a bat,” can be put to

White-nose syndrome is a disorder connected to exceptional bat transience event in several areas of North America. In the study conducted by Blehert et al (2009), bats declines beyond 75% from winter 2006 to 2007. The fungal growths on their muzzles, ears, and/or wing membranes of the bats, cause them to collapse (Blehert et al. 2009). Thus, this experiment was done as research methods for inhibiting the growth, investigating factors affect the growth and to prevent the growth of the tip.

There are over 4000 known species in the world. Only 12 species are found in North and Central America and several in the Florida wet lands. The only known species of rolling up into a ball is the Cylisticus convexus. These are a common one fount throughout North America. They can be up to 8-12 mm in length as an adult. The most common one is the Trachelipus rathkei, growing from 10-15 mm, which rolls up in to a “C” when disturbed or threatened. They use this mechanism as a defense.

The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) is a small mammal that is endemic to the United States. They live in the eastern part of the United States in deciduous forests. Their species can be found from the Appalachian Mountains through the interior Highland regions, including western Connecticut to northern Alabama (Castleberry et al 2006). Woodrats are restricted to areas that have rocky structures such as caves, fissures, and boulder piles and live within the spaces between rocks (Castleberry et al. 2006). Rocky habitats are good living spaces for them because the crevices provide protection from predators and also create a den environment for young to develop. Since rocky areas are usually distributed in patches throughout an environment, woodrats are considered to be metapopulations because their populations are separated (Castleberry et al. 2002). Other animals that can be found using the same rocky habitats for denning, roosting, or nesting include the Rafinesque 's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), Townsend 's big-eared bat (C. townsendii), common raven (Corvus corax), long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata), eastern small-footed myotis (Myotis leibii), eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), and American black bear (Ursus americanus) (Castleberry et al. 2006). The different types of species that live in the community creates competition and leaves woodrat populations vulnerable. Competition and predators are examples of factors that

night. They are medium sized raptors that live in the old growth forests in California down to

In this paper we will prepare a species account for the native Floridian mammalian species Dasypus noveminctus. We will discuss the nine-banded armadillo’s distribution, physical characteristics, reproduction, behavior and habitat. Economic importance and the current conservation status of this armadillo species will also be addressed.

They examined that the Acadian Flycatcher was found in the coastal oak forests and the tidal forests. Urbanization has caused the loss of oak forests, which has caused the Acadian Flycatcher to mainly reside in the tidal forest areas. Luckily for this species the tidal forests are less likely to be developed, so this area will likely become a refuge for this species as other habitat is lost. (2011)

The Corynorhinus Townsendii, or more commonly known as the Townsend’s big-eared bat, is a medium-sized bat with broad wings and bilateral symmetry. In fact, this bat has two large glands on each side of the muzzle. Their body length can range from 90-115 mm, and their wingspan ranging from 297-329 mm in length.The typical weight of this bat is 5-13 g. The Corynorhinus Townsendii has brown and/or gray hairs and ears that can grow 25+ mm in length.

All Bats are mammals. There wingspan measures up to 29-34 inches and weigh up to 4 pounds. Bats eat different varieties of ripe fruits, nectar from flowers, insects and fish. Also, Bats suck blood from other animals. There are about 1,000 different species of bats, which the two groups are Megabats and Microbats. Although, the difference between the two is that mega bats have big eyes and can see very well. Microbats are much smaller but have small eyes and big ears. The bats can live up 15 to 30 years depending on the species. Where bats live is called a 'roost.' They hide in different places at different times of the year. Some places bats like to hide are trees, cave, bridges, barns or even houses. Bats don’t fly in the daytime only

The Spermophilus armatus, more commonly known as the Uinta ground squirrel, is a species geographically located within the Intermountain West region of the United States (Eshelman et al. 2000). This area includes the range between southwestern Montana to Southern Utah (LaValle 2000). Some portions of this also include sections of Wyoming and eastern Idaho. S. armatus would not be found anywhere else in the United States because it is not a migratory species (Eshelman et al. 2000). S. armatus prefers inhabiting open grasslands, fields, and meadows (Eshelman et al. 2000; Hannon et al. 2006). Moist environments are also favored, and this explains why some populations are located near the Big Lost River valleys in Idaho (Eshelman et al. 2000).

The primary question being asked in, “Hawkmoths produce anti-bat ultrasound” is whether all three choerocampine species, Cechenena lineosa, Theretra boisduvalii, and Theretra nessu respond entirely to tactile stimulation and bat echolocation playback. Also whether the three choerocampine species have anti-bat functions that plays the same role like tiger moths; sounds that causes to startle, warn of unpalatability, and jam biosonar.

1. They usually stay in Korean pine broadleaf forest in Russian Far east (animals.nationalgeographic.com). 2. They are also found in coniferous areas and any forest in between. 3.

The ferocactus latispinus, commonly known as the crow’s claw cactus, is a barrel cactus originated from Mexico. The cactus is in the phylum Tracheophyta and of the family Cactaceae, with three recognized subspecies. It resides in the states of Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Querétaro, Zacatecas, Coahuila, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Puebla, and Mexico State. The crow’s claw grows in mountain elevations of ten thousand feet, and blooms between the months of October and March. Goats are a great factor in dispersing viable seeds of the cactus. (IUCN) The body of the crow’s claw cactus is barrel-like, and averages approximately ten to fifteen inches in height. Fourteen to twenty-three ribs and grey-black areoles compose the body of the cactus, along with four large central spines. The cactus blooms yellow or pink-purple flowers in late autumn or the early winter, and are 1 to 1.5 inches in diameter. (Faucon)