Essay CASE A 1: ENRON

Even though Mr. Fordham mentions that he in his “Statement of Cost of Goods Manufactured for Year Ended Dec. 31 1956” that he depreciated $24,000 of Plant and Equipment, I decided to change the depreciation schedule so that PP&E would be fully depreciated by the end of the 5 year period. Thus, I used a straight-line depreciation schedule that accumulated $40,000 worth of depreciation per year, which was spread evenly across the 12 months of this Balance Sheet (or $3,333.33 per month).

For the depreciation part, we adopted the straight-line method. Here since the depreciation of year 1984 was $1270, we just assumed all the depreciation amount to be equal to $1270 till the year 1989. With all of these previous assumptions, we obtain the complete pro forma financial statement and the cash flow table for the Collinsville Plant.

1. The first step to evaluating the cash flows is to conduct the depreciation tax flow analysis. Depreciation is not a cash flow, but the depreciation expense lows the taxes payable for the company. As a result, the tax effect of deprecation needs to be calculated as a cash flow. There are two depreciable items on the company's balance sheet the building and the equipment. The equipment is known to have a seven year depreciable life, which will be assumed to be straight line. The building is also assumed to be subject to straight line depreciation, this time of forty years. The tax saving reflects the depreciation expense multiplied by the tax rate, which in this case is assumed to be 28%. The following table illustrates the tax effect in future dollars of the depreciation expense:

c. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the asset’s estimated useful life, which is determined by asset category as follows: Buildings and improvements (5 – 40 years); Store fixtures and equipment (3 – 15years), Leasehold improvements (Shorter of initial lease term or asset life); Capitalized software (3 – 7 years).

| In Year 1, depreciation is $5,000 plus 15% of the asset’s outlayFrom Year 2, depreciation is either * 30% of the asset’s book value; or * if the asset’s book value is less than $6,500, depreciation is the asset’s book value (i.e. asset is depreciated to zero once book value < $6,500)

Depreciation is the loss in value of an asset / building over time due to wear and tear, physical deterioration and age. Depreciation is treated as an expense and is a line item on your income statement but must be applied only to the building and not the land (since land does not wear out over time). You will be able to depreciate the building over a period of 39 years using the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS). IRS Publication 946 contains the rules and guidelines governing depreciation of non-residential or commercial property.

Annual cash savings 1-5 72,540 65% 47,151 3.605 170 Tax savings due to depreciation 1-5 32,000 35% 11,200 3.605 40,376 Disposal value 5 40,000 0 40,000 0.567 22,680 Net Present Value

amortization over 20 years. The land value for purposes of depreciation was estimated at $3,500,000.

1) In the case, a significant change in the legal environment. We need to perform a recoverability test. According to ASC 360-10-35-21 “events or changes in circumstances indicate that the book value of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable. (c) A significant adverse in legal factors or business climate” The carrying amount of net assets is 1,400,000, more than its fair value, which is 1,300,000 (due to the revaluation of PP&E). There is impairment loss on total assets under GAAP. We first indicate if there is a loss on goodwill. ASC 360-35-26 states” Goodwill shall be included in an asset group to be tested for impairment under this Subtopic only if the asset group is or includes a reporting unit. Goodwill shall not be included in a lower-level asset group that includes only part of a reporting unit. Estimates of future cash flows used to test that lower-level asset group for recoverability

INVESTools should definitely capitalize these expenses. The practice of not capitalizing these expenses has led to routine recording of net losses

The depreciation and amortization for the fiscal year of 2011 was $1,841,000. The gains on dispositions are $75,000 for 2011.

ii. Using double- declining method, the first year ending balance of $6,404 is subtracted form the proceeds of the sale netting in a gain of $1,096 on the disposal. Once this is subtracted form the previous years depreciation $4,269, you get a total income statement impact of $3,173.

1. The Enron debacle created what one public official reported was a “crisis of confidence” on the part of the public in the accounting profession. List the parties who you believe are most responsible for that crisis. Briefly justify each of your choices.

deprecation. The tax depreciation rate for this type of plant is 25%. The company tax rate is

Now the basis for all future transactions relating to this building would also be at its cost, i.e. $12 million. For example: The depreciation would be charged on $12 million and not on $15 million. Similarly when the asset is sold in future, the profit or loss on sale would be based on the cost price actually paid for it. Since the original or