CAUTI Case Study Summary

Hospital- acquired infections is also another concern for patients. The common health-acquired infections include surgical site infections, ventilator – associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, blood stream and bacterial infections. Annually, these types of infections cost the U.S. about $9.8 billion. Topping the list for the most costly burden are surgical-site infections.

The NP cost per patient is 80% of that of an MD ($5.61/$6.98 = 80%), but their visit volume per hour is 58% of the physician (1.8/3.1 = 58%).

Potential for reduction in reimbursement by 1- % if it falls with other hospitals that rank among the lowest- performing 25 percent with regards to Hospital Acquired conditions (HAC): CAUTI being of them.

Nucor has been facing many industry challenges including the overall development of the industry. They are competing with foreign firms on cost and efficiency. Nucor has a low cost strategy because as they say their product is not necessarily very attractive. It does not have attractive or unique selling features other than its cost. The commodity of steel is in a very competitive market. Nucor understands that innovation and productivity are going to be key factors to keep their buyers satisfied with their prices. Nucor is facing many challenges with a growing world market and many of their competitors merging in order to create stronger more dominate

Because of the large amount of money associated with running this service line, the issue of payment will affect it very intensely. With the cardiac cath labs expected to cost $4,500,000 and the cardiac rehab expansion to be $500,000, the upfront expense will already cut into the bottom line. The service line will need to not only address education of the community, access into the system, preventive medicine and the latest technology, but it will need to be done as efficiently as possible. Moving patients through the system as quickly and efficiently as possible is also cost effective.

Daniel will be diagnosed with the DSM-V category anxiety disorders. “Anxiety disorders share features of excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances” (American Psychoanalytic Association, 2013). Daniel is diagnosed with general anxiety disorder (GAD). The DSM-V outlines the following features for Daniels illness:

According to Compton et al, (2008), 5% of ICU budget goes to the treatment of pressure ulcer. Courtney, Ruppman, & Cooper (2006) continue to say that an average of $4,000 is spent to take care of one patient with pressure ulcer. The price of treatment varies because there are different stages of pressure which range from stage 1 to unstageable stage which can lead to septicemia and death.

A total of 5,432 blood cultures were obtained from 2,642 patients and a significantly lower rate of contamination were seen in those specimens obtained by a dedicated phlebotomist. The phlebotomist collected cultures had a contamination rate of 2.4-3.6%, with an overall rate of 3.1% and the non-phlebotomy collected cultures showed contamination rates 6.2-10.2%, with an overall rate of 7.4% (Gander et al., 2009). The difference in the median patient charges between the negative ($18,752) and false-positive cultures ($27,472) resulted in additional charges totaling $8,720 for each contaminated event (Gander et al., 2009). The median increase for length of stay only increased from 4 days (negative culture) to 5 days (false-positive culture); whereas, patient’s with significant bacteremia had an additional median charge of $32,303 and 8-day median length of stay (Gander et al., 2009). This study goes on to state that with the estimated $8,720 for each episode of a contaminated blood culture, the prevention of only five contaminated blood cultures a year might fund the yearly salary for one dedicated phlebotomist in the ED and could potentially save the hospital $4.1 million in excess charges annually (Gander et al., 2009). This literature precisely defines reasonable need for correct collection of blood cultures in the emergency setting and provides evidence for former PICOT question.

CDC estimated that more than 1 million health care-associated infections occur each year, at a cost of approximately $30 billion annually.

Those that are available mainly focus on patients located in an acute-care setting. Other areas inflicting a considerable amount of cost include long-term care facilities, recurrence, and complicated comorbidities that require additional expensive medications and care. These costs will continue to increase if the incidence of CDI is not curbed. It is important to understand this financial burden to ensure that adequate resources and man power are dedicated to CDI treatment and prevention. In addition, funding can help with creating prevention efforts and identifying cost-effective

The largest costs involved would include providing paid time for a two to three-hour in-service training (i.e. 30 nurses X $30-40/hourly wage = $900-1,200 X 2-3 hours = $1,800-3,600), and subsequent inclusion of the training in regulatory modules for the facility in programs like MyClinicalExchange.com or MyOCOAZ.com, which provide online training and testing modules (estimated to be approximately $4,000-5,000). Additionally, there would be the cost of a software update to add the Braden Scale to the Electronic Health Record and Workstation on Wheels for bedside charting (estimated to cost $2,000-3,000). Smaller costs would include a lunch/learn where lunch would be provided to gain rapport and introduce the key players and principles (approximately $200-300/shift, depending on unit size), and the cost of printed materials (less than $100/shift). For an acute care staff of 30 nurses, the overall cost to train and implement would total less than $14,000 on the high side, which would more than pay for itself in the first four patients who do not acquire a pressure ulcer during their hospital stay

2.8 CA3130 Op-Amp CA3130A and CA3130 are op-amp that combine the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar transistors. Gate-protected P-channel MOSFET transistor are used in the input circuit to provide very high-input impedance, very low input current and exceptional speed performance. The use of P,OS transistor in the input stage results in common mode input

According to HCUP in the year 2013, "Septicemia was the most expensive condition treated, accounting for $23.7 billion, or 6.2 percent of the aggregate costs for all hospitalizations". Consequently, because of the volatile disposition of the economy, no healthcare organization can withstand sustaining this sizable expenditure if these numbers are not controlled. Using $23.7 billion as a benchmark, this last and final metric seeks to depress this sum by 4%. This would add up to a savings of approximately $948 million annually. To reiterate this is the savings the healthcare industry would experience on a national level. Ultimately a savings of this magnitude has the potential to aid in the fight to make healthcare more

Strengths- What is unique about us? As an organization we already have the frame work implemented to provide quality education for our staff, we value education as an organization. CAUTI prevention guideline training would take a change in curriculum.

The therapy price is estimated to cost $5,000 to $6,000 per patient, for monitoring and affection tracking of Microbiome on the disease. Finally, prices fluctuate from company to another, from place to another and are expected to change overtime.