CBITS Theoretical Grounding

A., Mannarino, A. P., Kliethermes, M., & Murray, L. A. (2012). Trauma-focused CBT for youth with complex trauma. Child abuse & neglect, 36(6), 528-541.

De Arellano, M.A., Waldrop, A.E., Deblinger, E., Cohen J.A., Danielson C.K., Mannarino A.R. (2005). Community outreach program for child victims of traumatic events: a community- based project for underserved populations. Behavior Modification, 1, 130-55.

As children go through life, they will come upon stressful situations and experiences. Many children will work through the challenges that life brings, build resilience and move forward, however, some children may experience more extreme traumatic events that can result in life difficulties due to serious trauma symptoms that are much harder to manage. Trauma-Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is an evidence based treatment model designed to help youth who have experienced a significantly traumatic life event. TF-CBT uses skills and strength based therapy to address symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety (Cohen et al, 2006). This research is an examination of trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy as a model of practice including the areas of history and development of the model, its relationship with other models of practice, considerations of appropriate populations, methods and components for treatment, effectiveness of the intervention and relevance for social work practice.

Once my client is stabilized from the initial concerns of severe depression and suicide attempts, TF-CBT could be introduced. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children Affected by Sexual Abuse or Trauma. (2012) suggests that the following areas be covered psychoeducation and parenting skills, relaxation techniques, affective expressions and regulation, cognitive coping and processing, trauma narrative and processing, in vivo exposure, conjoint parent/child sessions and enhancing personal safety and future

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is a conjoint child and parent psychotherapy approach for children and adolescents who are experiencing significant emotional and behavioral difficulties related to traumatic life events. This online TF-CBT course shows step by step instruction in ten modules for each component of therapy. According to the introduction on the Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy website it states that, “There is strong scientific evidence that TF-CBT helps children, adolescents, and their parents overcome many of the difficulties associated with abuse and trauma.” This is a very detailed online course that gives live video examples on how each process is done.

The National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) was stablished by Congress in 2000 and brings a comprehensive focus to childhood trauma. This network raises the average standard of care and improves access to services for traumatized children, their families and communities throughout the United States. The NCTSN defines trauma‑focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‑CBT) as an evidence‑based treatment approach that is shown to help children, adolescents, and their caregivers overcome trauma‑related difficulties. It is designed to reduce negative emotional and behavioral responses following a traumatic event. The treatment addresses distorted beliefs related to the abuse and provides a supportive environment so the individual can talk about their traumatic experience. TF‑CBT also helps parents cope with their own emotional issues and develop skills to support their children.

Silverman, W. K., Ortiz, C. D., Viswesvaran, C., Burns, B. J., Kolko, D. J., Putnam, F. W., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2008). Evidence-Based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37, 1, 156-183.

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that involves conjoint therapy sessions of with the child and the parent. This approach is employed among children and/or adolescents that are experiencing emotional and behavioral difficulties that are significant and related to life events that are traumatic (Cohen, Mannarino, & Deblinger, 2012). TF-CBT is a components-based model of treatment that includes intervention that are trauma-sensitive and cognitive behavioral, family and humanistic therapy

TF-CBT is evidence-based and effective for various reasons including, “(1) enhancing safety early in treatment; (2) effectively engaging parents who experience personal ongoing trauma; and (3) during the trauma narrative and processing component focusing on (a) increasing parental awareness and acceptance of the extent of the youths’ on going trauma experiences; (b) addressing youths’ maladaptive cognitions about ongoing traumas; and (c) helping youth differentiate between real danger and generalized trauma reminders.” (Cohen, Mannarino, & Murray, 2011, p.128). Children and adolescent who have participated in TF-CBT have experienced a decrease in depression, improvement in social competence, and reduced PTSD symptoms across the board time and

TF-CBT is an evidence based practice that has evolved in the past 25 years and has been extensively researched within the treatment of PTSD and trauma effects such as depression, distress, anxiety, and cognitive and behavioral problems. This paper will contain a detailed description of the methodology of TF-CBT and an examination of a few peer reviewed studies, which tests the effectiveness TF-CBT has on children and adolescents who suffer from PTSD, neglect, or other trauma impacts.

This discussion is a review of the Cognitive Behavior Intervention for Trauma in Schools program also known as CBITS. This discussion will include an overview of the program and descriptions of components that are included within the program. The program has been introduced into two other programs that are specifically for children that have experienced trauma and how the program effected children who have been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. The implementation and effectiveness of this program and its transportability will be discussed. Cost Effectiveness and the quality of care that is received by the clients will also be evaluated. The program will also be reviewed for factors that will influence a provider’s decision to utilize the program and possible institutional obstacles and possible future opportunities will also be discussed.

TF-CBT is an evidence-based practice that is used for trauma caused by violence, abuse, sexual abuse or other traumatic events. Usually, this evidence-based practice is used for children ages 3-17. The Modular approach to therapy for children (MATCH) is focused on overcoming the current challenges and provide with various treatment to address the current problem (Lucassen et al., 2015). The MATCH is an evidence-based practice that is used for anxiety, trauma and behavior problems with children from ages 6-15 years old. There have been more studies using qualitative research that TF-CBT is effective evidence-based practice and has positive outcomes for clients. TF-CBT is a short-term therapy that will help the client overcome their trauma and have a positive outcome once therapy is over. As for MATCH, there has not been a lot of qualitative research because it is used rarely in other countries. There have been more quantitative research reports that have been conducted based on the client and the statistics. Therefore, based on the research that was conducted with the two evidence-based practice the writer prefer to used TF-CBT because it provides with human behavior and the data that is used is with the current participants that were using TF-CBT and their experience.

The literature has shown children dealing with PTSD have many intervention tools that can be administered by clinicians in direct practice. PTSD can present symptoms that are often diagnosed as anther disorder such as oppositional defiant, conduct, mild TBI, and separation anxiety. There are many evidence-based intervention tools used in treatment such as recovery techniques, pharmacotherapy, psychoeducation, psychodynamic and cognitive behaviour therapy. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is the most used intervention tool in direct practice, and it is used in countries around the world. CBT is used with children with different ethnicities with ages ranging from preschool to high school. Many clinicians use CBT with other intervention treatment

“With effective treatment, children can recover from sexual abuse and other traumas. In TF-CBT, one key to recovery is encouraging children to open up and talk freely about their trauma (Getz, 2012).” First trauma-Focused cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is an evidence based treatment is a model designed to assist children and their families in overcoming the negative effects of traumatic experience. There are many types of trauma events such as child abuse, domestic violence, rape violent and community violence and etc. I will be discussing three main section which are: Facing trauma, Evidence based treatment and what differentiates TF-CBT.

The key concept of this literature review is to better understand how childhood trauma is associated with mental health, such as post-traumatic stress disorder