CBT/EMDR Therapy Analysis

Between February 2001 and April 2003, many were completed by approximately 9,282 Americans, 18 years of age or above, completed a survey that was conducted by The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). According to The National Comorbidity Survey Replication study, 5,692 Americans were diagnosed with PTSD. However, this research used the DSM-4 criteria. It was estimated that the lifetime prevalence was about 6.8% for Americans in young adulthood. This was a jump from the previous year at 3.5%. The lifetime prevalence for women was higher, at 9.7%, than it was for men at 3.6%. “Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Delmer, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K.R., & Walters, E.E. (2005).”

In this scenario, the independent variable is the type of treatment and the values are the treatment groups. The dependent variables are the patient’s measurable PTSD symptoms, including frequency of dissociative reactions, recurrent distressing dreams, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and marked alterations in arousal and reactivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The demographic variables in this study are age and ethnicity. The control variables are gender, geographic location, and PTSD.

I find it troubling that our Soldier’s Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms are being discredited by the medical community. It appears as though there has been a shift in our commitment to the health of the men and women who served this nation. These ideas connect to the overall ideas of the unit because it provides greater insight on challenges that patients and medical professionals experience when coping with cognitive health concerns. I do not have any personal experience associated with PTSD; however, the problem that I find in this article is that it suggests the effects of trauma which causes PTSD can be measured by a universal criteria. For example, I believe this research should consider that each individual has a unique level of tolerance to trauma which may cause them to respond in varying degrees of severity. Additionally, a patient’s inability to accurately express their symptoms may play a major factor which is causing this disparity. I recommend that further research should be conducted to

99). Similarly, both articles mentioned PTSD symptoms as being a barrier overlapping with depression. Baker, Kilmer, Lemmer, Goldsmith, and Pittman (2012) provided more in-depth information that focused primarily on PTSD and depression as to where Connor et.al (2013) looked into more barriers other than the overlapping symptoms as being reasons for barriers for treatment in combat veterans.  Baker et. al (2012) examined 2 significant mental  health issues including PTSD and depression in OEF/OIF combat veterans in their entire research study.  These researchers found that health related quality of life (HRQoL) is highly affected in both disorders. Although the study used a clinician-administered PTSD scale (CAPS) as well as standardized and structured interviews conducting to the DSM-5 criteria, the fact alone remains that the overlapping symptoms could be difficult for veterans to understand. The participants in this study consisted of 200 OEF/OIF veterans who completed an interview as well as self-report questionnaires. The sample included 95% men, 45% active duty, 55% veteran; ages 19-52, median 27%; 77% non-Hispanic/Latino, and 80% white. The findings revealed that PTSD and depression have overlapping symptoms as anhedonia, concentration, and insomnia. In conclusion, the results from the

Integrated treatment programs along with evidence supporting its effectiveness are later brought up in this article, along with recent policy changes from the Department of Veteran Affairs predicting future positive outcomes of PTSD/SUD treatment.

Focusing on these research questions, I propose to conduct research on decreasing wait times for PTSD related appointments, reducing, or eliminating, the stigma attached to PTSD in veterans, providing a way for veterans to receive immediate PTSD crisis help, and a way to ensure that veterans diagnosed with PTSD continue treatment.

The studies that have been completed on the treatment effectiveness of combat related PTSD were done on already discharged veterans and the effect sizes have been significant lower than those of civilian studies. There are many different reasons as to why there are differences between the studies on civilians and combat veterans. The first is that combat trauma is unique and more difficult to treat compared to civilian trauma. The second reason that could potentially explain the difference is that in the studies currently the treatment was for veterans who were exposed to the combat trauma decades before that. The third reason is that there are often significant comorbid conditions among veterans (Peterson et al.,

Today's veterans offten return home and find themselves experiencing PTSD symptoms as a result of combat-related stress and signfigant amount of exposure to traumatic events. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among United States Veterans has risen to great numbers in recent years due United States involvement in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) thus far within the last 10 years 1,400,000 military service members have been engaged in these conflicts. Once Unitied States troops were deployed and participated in Operation New Dawn (OND) numbers began to rise over 2.5 million troops. (Rosenthal, J. Z., Grosswald, S., Ross, R., & Rosenthal, N. 2011) The veteran population will face exclusive types of stressors

In the United States (US) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 8 out of every 100 persons (United States Department of Veterans Affairs [USDVA], 2015). In which account for about 8 million people that include the military veterans (USDVA, 2015). About 10% of women and 4% of men will develop PTSD during some course of their lives (USDVA, 2015). Veterans are more susceptible to PTSD due to longer exposures to trauma, danger, or witness a violent life threaten incidence during their military service periods (USDVA, 2015). The development of PTSD becomes chronic after no longer seeing or under the “fight-or-flight“ experiences causing a psychological and/ or mental breakdown (National Institutes of Health [NIH], n.d). Such

Mittal et al. (2013) identify some U.S. military veterans that can agree there has been much improvement from the demoralizing diagnoses of combat/battle fatigue to PTSD. More army veterans believe the negative stereotypes of PTSD to be less stigmatizing than the assortments of other mental health disorders in the DSM-V. In essence, this is a legitimate issue that community members must rectify to eliminate the stigma associated with PTSD to increase the quality of life for our

To effectively treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD in combat Veterans and service members, therapists use different techniques, which are preceded by addressing any underlying pain associated with the disorder. In their research, Chard et al. (2011) reported significant modifications to the CPT protocol for use with patients in a TBI-PTSD residential treatment facility, including increasing the number of sessions per week, combining group and individual therapy, and augmenting the treatment with cognitive rehabilitation. However, their research was marred with the use of few participants which provides doubts regarding the outcome of the proposed treatment procedures. Moreover, the researchers do not state with certainty as to the

The article is written to inform the reader of the findings in research conducted in assistance to finding a cure or at least a treatment to reduce symptoms of PTSD. The results at the end of the 4-month study show that there is a change in mental HRQOL. At the 4-month follow-up, more veterans randomized to MBSR had clinically meaningful change in mental HRQOL, and in both mental HRQOL and PTSD symptoms (Kearney et al., 2012). It also shows large differences between the group with regular treatment and the group that received regular treatment plus MBSR in the improvements of depression, mental HRQOL, and mindfulness skills. These results were assembled from the questionnaires and treatments provided during the study.

If veterans do struggle with PTSD after they return from combat the Department of Veterans Affairs, a governmental agency that helps struggling veterans recover, offers two treatments. Studies have been done to see if one of the therapies is more effective than the other. There is not yet evidence that one therapy is better than the other. Cognitive processing therapy, CPT, helps by giving the vet a new way to deal with the maladaptive thoughts that come with PTSD. It also comforts them in gaining a new understanding of the traumatic events that happened to them. One of the other benefits of CPT is that it assists the person in learning how these disturbing events change the way they look at everything in life and helps them cope with that (“PTSD: National”). The second newer option of the two is prolonged exposure therapy, which is repeated exposure to these thoughts, feelings, and situations (“Most PTSD”). This type of therapy is now a central piece in the VA’s war on PTSD. “The problem with prolonged exposure is that it also has made a number of veterans violent, suicidal, and depressed, and it has a dropout rate that some researchers put at more than 50 percent, the highest dropout rate of any PTSD therapy that has been widely studied so far,”(“Trauma Post”). Both of the therapies are proven to reduce the symptoms but both have extremely high drop out rates and low follow through. It

When Post Traumatic Stress Disorder first hits, veterans deal with numerous side effects, such as anger, anxiety, fatigue or depression. PTSD has always been an extremely complex topic to comprehend. The injuries faced by these victims do not reflect those of someone who had been shot or, hit by a blast, but it is something that nobody can see. It is what the Lone Survivor foundation calls an “Invisible Injury” (Education:LSF). Although it can look as if one with PTSD is normal, their minds are not. Although some may think PTSD is not a large-scale problem for veterans, “Researchers estimate that between 7% and 20% of veterans of the recent wars have suffered PTSD at some point” (Zarembo). Even though 7% or 20% is only a fraction of the overall

[When applying this type of therapy to treating a client with post traumatic stress disorder, EMDR is a reasonable choice because… ]