CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background study In this era of globalization, disposal of

First a background on the problem with water pollution must be given. Both oceans and freshwater

This is largely because they are relatively cheap and simple to manufacture. Furthermore, they produce vibrant shades of color and are reasonably soluble in water (Liu, Wan, Nan, n.d.). However, these dyes are now manufactured at such a large scale that they bring up numerous health and environmental concerns. In recent years azo dyes, especially Allura Red AC, have been connected to child hyperactivity, which also raises concerns over other potentially toxic effects they can have on living organisms (“FDA Probes Link”, 2011). This is only amplified by the fact that azo dyes such as Allura Red AC and Azo Grenadine are also especially recalcitrant to conventional methods of wastewater treatment. Research on this topic led me to an article on electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and their potential as a solution to mineralizing especially recalcitrant compounds in the environment, "Decontamination of Wastewaters Containing Synthetic Organic Dyes by Electrochemical Methods: A Review." This led me to pursue the investigation in my extended essay on the topic of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and the effect they have on azo dyes such as Allura Red AC and Azo Grenadine. In order to evaluate the effect of this process, I made the decision to do a comparison of the two dyes. This led me to the question, “How does the effect of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes vary between Allura Red AC and Azo

Elaboration: The clothing industry has been labeled the second largest polluter next to oil. The clothes are created with toxins which when thrown away ends up in our ocean and rivers.

The purpose this issue became of great significance these years is that the water pollution can not only poison the creatures in the water. Also affect the quality of Biodiversity declines

Often, toxic substances are being drained into the air, waterways, and undergrounds wells. According to the report by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), over 60 million pounds of deadly chemicals are produced by industries in Florida. Notably, Florida’s water has been suffering mercury contamination until the state’s department of migration issues a circular regularly for regulations of eating freshwater fish in the region (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). In fact, such metals emanate from coal combustion’s emissions which run into water bodies. Not to mention, pesticides and herbicides utilized by government and homeowners pollute the environment (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). Indeed, all chemicals released into the atmosphere find themselves in rivers.

More and more ways are being discovered to help treat water pollution around the world, but what needs to happen is to stop the pollution. Around the world water pollution is a definite obstacle;

Water contaminants have been and are continuing to be released directly into public waterways by industries and wastewater plants. These contaminants include dyes that are toxic and highly visible, therefore making them undesirable in oceans, rivers, and other waters in public areas in waters that could be used for domestic purposes. This can cause environmental and water pollution, leading to many diseases affecting millions of children worldwide, although the impacts of this are particularly prevalent in countries like China and India because of their large textile industries. Treatment facilities are often unable to remove dyes easily due to their low biodegradability and high solubility. However, one way to decontaminate the water is to

In the article," How your cozy fleece could be polluting the ocean" published in Jan 11 2017 issues of Chemical & Engineering News, American Chemical Society News Service Weekly PressPac wrote that our comfortable fleece can affect the ocean in a bad way. When the comfortable fleece get washed, its lint goes into the water and harm the fish and other wildlife and researchers stated that lint mixes up with the air and get washed into the surface water with the rain. Furthermore, a group of researchers has founded some techniques that might be helpful such as switching fabric and clothing manufacturing style and renewing wastewater treatment plants and other group has created a prototype microfiber catcher to use washing machine.

All around the world, countries are fighting to keep their drinking water clean. Whether it’s streams, rivers, or lakes, countries have taken great measures to maintain high quality drinking water for both human consumption and animal consumption. Countries must first understand the sources of the polltion, then determine the best methods to eliminate the pollution. Clean drinking water is a valuable resource and a the key to human survival. Plants and animals also depend on water for their growth, so all water must be kept clean. The major contributors to water pollution can be classified in three categories, industrial, agricultural and municipal.

With manufacturing moving overseas, we should realize that with it moves the dyed chemical water. Countries such as Bangladesh dump their wastewater in ditches that can be see when driving to textile mills and manufacturing plants (Cline, 2012, pg. 123). With environmental forces such as global warming, we are overlooking the waste the fashion world is creating. Instead of donating to The Salvation Army or Goodwill, “a tremendous amount of clothing is in fact not getting recycled but getting trashed” which means consumers aren’t realizing where their used garments are really going (Cline, 2012, pg. 123). Cellulosic fibers seem to be environmentally friendly because they come from cotton, flax, and bamboo. Even though these fibers start off

Duckweed holds the remarkable ability to clean a variety of levels of polluted water. Research conducted by R A Leng in duckweed’s potential for a high – protein resource explains that duckweed was able to remove contaminants

Fashion today may seem as it’s not using much water, consequently it’s one of the most water wasted issues in the world, conversely it comes very close to water pollution. 2,700 litres of water produce just one t-shirt that we may wear once and just abandon a couple weeks in the time to come. You may not know, but many noxious chemicals are used to create the fabric that is discarded into our clothes but once it’s reached the fabric’s limit, people dump the chemicals into rivers which lead to water pollution without a care. On a sadder note, citizens in poor countries waste their lives making our clothes for at least 50 cents per hour just to feed

 Water pollution is a problem that most everyone would agree does exist.  The toxic substances in the water can kill the plant life, animal life, and in some cases, the human life.  In Teluk Mengkuang, Sijangkang,  156 ponds filled with tiger prawns died

A reason that water pollution is a problem today is because many people don’t realize that they are hurting out water supplies when they really are. There are many pollutants that hurt our water supply such as farming. When farmers spray their fields with chemicals and apply fertilizers. Some of these chemicals reach the river, and animal urine and manure may be washed into the river. Another cause of water pollution is from accidents, such as tanker spills. Accidents with chemicals may cause river pollution as well. Mining can be another cause because the dusts and minerals get washed into the rivers. Seepage is another cause of water pollution. Because chemicals from waste dumps join the groundwater flow into the river. Urban Wastes is a major cause because the sewage comes from toilets, sinks, and industrial processes. This causes many human diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis, and cholera.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND POLLUTION CONTROL)