CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN RURAL SOCIETY OBJECTIVES At the end of this session, you should be able

Some theories suggest that the Neolithic revolution brought about the formation of the state and civilization (Childe, 1950). A highly discussed theory, called the Urban Revolution theory, examines the transition from village to state following the implementation of agriculture (Childe, 1950). This theory suggests that agriculture allowed the production of excess food, also referred to as surplus, and because of this surplus farming communities were able to allow a few individuals to part time specialize in skills and crafts unrelated to food production (Childe, 1950). As agricultural technology progressed, farming communities were able to produce greater crop yields which allowed some individuals to be completely rid of any food procurement responsibilities (Childe, 1950). This allowed certain people to fully specialize in a profession and take on roles such as merchants, public figures, or as religious figures (Childe, 1950).

The first set of readings of this course outline the ways in which the hopes of the social reformers were to promote reform based on an “urban and modern orientation” through movements in agriculture, social welfare, and education. In doing so, the social reformers encouraged three kinds of developments: i) the promotion of an “urban orientation” through the reform of “agricultural education,” ii) the promotion reform through social legislation, and finally iii) the promotion of reform in rural education to “progressive systems of education.” Although the reformers saw the promotion of progressivism as a solution to the various problems within the rural society, the widespread discontent from the rural society depicted the ways in which the needs of the urbanites and the rural society came into conflict.

The reciprocity aspect of the Mbuti people social organization is important in them maintaining good relationship with villager. Villagers provide the

The Author, Shirley Jackson describes a fictional story, "The Lottery", about a little town and their traditions. The village looks like a normal and beautiful town, where the people are hard workers and friendly person. The town is a middle class town, where kids usually attend school, women are stay in home wives, and men's usually work on farms. Although the town looks like an ordinary village, is not the same on June 27th.

The indication is that the society moved towards supporting more populations that were deficient in food and suffered from diseases, which lowered the quality of life. However, it has been reaffirmed that the shift to agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution created the stage for the improvement of the human life. This is because agriculture supported a greater population, and the revolution paved the way for modernity and improved welfare of

With permament settlements came the advent of agriculture, which gradually led to the use of plows, calendars, and metal tools to ease the strain of work. With villages came a sense of personal items and the need to protect them. As now, you risked losing everything if you lost your home and were forced to move. Also now people could afford to spend time on specialized items and differentiate themselves from others. In fact, permanent settlements brought a wave of necessary technological advancements as people adapted to their new environments.

This article is helpful by assisting the reader by describing the concept of social harmony. This article is not biased because it was originally a World Encyclopedia page taken from the

With the advancements in agriculture such as, the irrigation system and domesticated animals, populations increases leading the way to village life. In the village life, a small community works together in effort to maintain life with a simple structure to

and socially all together well upholded for the next coming hundred years. This paper shall first

A possible solution to this rapid population growth is to form individual self-governing villages, interconnected by elected officials that represent the voices of the people by vote. Through this system, equality can be achieved and each member can be heard. The common property regime will be history and a new system of property will arise through the own personal choices of each individual. Members of each village must vote to establish new rules and regulations and an elected representative will further discuss these issues in a panel of other village representatives. When it comes to distributing property, each family will have a certain amount of land that is fairly assigned and passed down from each generation. Each village will have swidden garden plots that are equally tended by the women based on their schedules. Men will still engage in group hunts but because of the high population size in each village, the groups will separated based on personal preference. Participation will be encouraged and those who partake will benefit. Surplus can be traded with neighboring villages and also used in their market economy. This social structure will meet the needs of each member of society, giving individuals the choice of independence or group collaboration. This system will encourage more sustainable options towards

There are the upper class and the lower class. The upper class lives in houses in the city.The style of living ranges anywhere from an apartment or Townhomes. while the lower class live in mud houses in the village. The communities and houses are so close together that the children can stay out and play until it is time for them to be called back home. Most of the houses do not have grass in the front yard instead, they have sand and rocks. In the villages, their are town chiefs that look over the town. Most of the villagers come to the market to advertise their goods so they can make money to help them change their lifestyle.Then, other of the villagers that do not want to leave because that their homes and most of the villagers that live there are elder people.

Humans’ basic needs include social interactions. In order for the population to grow, males and females must find a mate and reproduce. This makes the family unit important and its survival equally important. Forming bigger groups of multiple family units increased the chances of survival because roles could be shared. Such groups could form layers such as tribes and nations and share knowledge among these organizations (Wren, 2009, pp. 10-11). Social needs must be met in order for the human population to flourish and improve itself.

This also resulted in a wealthy class (ample resources), as well as a lower class (limited supplies). Since resources were no longer completely communal, “These new institutions [agriculture] would function to integrate the...individually more restrictive social networks...that replace the now-defunct single, all-embracing generalized reciprocal system characteristic of...hunter-gatherer groups.” (Kuijt 41). Essentially, this quote argues that agriculture prompted a switch from egalitarian societies solely concerned with survival, to modern, socially convoluted societies. This

In traditional societies, to begin with, there is a strong fellow-feeling; everybody is considered a friend and is expected to act this way, in case of personal or family

Today's life has many difficulties and people are the victims, so they plan to make it easy as they canother. So they can reach a good position. They have more friends in the community since it is small. The village people always try to protect their traditional habits and culture. The village has clean air and the environment is very beautiful. The village has less noise and rush. So the pollution is less. The village has not lot of vehicles. So roads are less dangerous for driving cycling. They can get fresh vegetables and fresh fruits. The environment of the village is pleasant and silent and it has scenic beauty. The village has not only good points, but also it has bad points.