CHN1 Case Study

Duane’s Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. A Genetic disorder is usually a irregularity in the genes or in the chromosome, these irregularities can be anything from not fully developed, not being there at all, or even having an extra unneeded set. These When someone thinks of a genetic disorder they may think of the very well known disorder of Down's Syndrome, but what people may not know about is the rare disorder called Duane’s syndrome. This syndrome is eye movement limitation syndrome that is usually involved with restricting the eye(s) from moving to the left or right. Moving the eye towards the nose could result in the eye restricting, and/or the eye shooting up or down (Duane syndrome). The simple reason that it is a lesser known

It also allows for the front part of the tongue to sense taste and the eyes to open and close. This nerve is located in the Fallopian canal of the skull, inferior to the ear and bilaterally connected to the muscles of the face. (PEDIACTRICS Vol. 112 No. 2, 2003). It is thought that with the incidence of Lyme disease, the inflammation correlated with the disease is the cause of Bell’s palsy because of the pressure it puts on this nerve.

There are 12 Cranial Nerves which all serve a very important purpose within each and every one of our bodies. The twelve cranial nerves are Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, and last but certain not least Hypoglossal. Each nerve plays a different role for example the Olfactory nerve gives sense to smell, and the Optic nerve gives us sense of vision. The Oculomotor give us the motor skills to adjust the size of our pupils, raise our eyelids, etc. This particular nerve is also parasympathetic to the pupil, which causes accommodation as well as constriction. Another nerve that has to do with our motor skills is the Trochlear nerve, which allows the eye

Blepharospasm is a spasm of the muscles around your eyes (orbicularis oculi). It causes attacks of abnormal and uncontrollable blinking that come and go unpredictably. This type of abnormal muscle movement is called dystonia.

CIPA patients have an absence of normal responses to noxius stimuli that are in people with regular nervous systems. CIPA is the result of a defect in a neural crest differentiation and the system responsible for pain and body temperature is lost. Nociceptive neurons in the dorsal root ganglia derive from the neural crest and they can only survive if they are stimulated by NGF through TrkA. Mutations in the TrkA gene have shown a correlation with the defective development of the nociceptive neurons.

• An injection of botulinum toxin into the muscles that control the movement of the eyelids. The injection blocks signals between the nerves and muscles. This treatment may need to be repeated every few months.

problems affecting posture or balance is unclear, with not clinical consensus. It is unclear why dynamic

I noticed nystagmus in both eyes at maximum deviation. Mcclellan also had involuntary movement in both eyes prior to 45 degrees.

Schwann cells are specialized cells found in the Peripheral Nervous System; they are dedicated to forming myelin sheaths around certain nerve fibers. These myelin sheaths aid in the conduction of nerve impulses and help to protect and electrically insulate these fibers. “Schwannomatosis is a rare

3- This disease brings a lot of consequences affecting all our body system, in special our head. That’s why the causes of this are:

Bell’s palsy is a condition that affects the muscles of the face. The muscles become weak and slow for an impermanent period of time. This disorder occurs when the nerve that controls the facial muscles, cranial nerve VII, becomes inflamed or swollen. The cause of the damaged is not officially known, but researchers believe that is could be the result of a viral infection.

There are 4 different types of Chiari malformations. Type 1 is the most common and occurs when the cerebellar tonsil is found below the forman magnum; usually affecting older children or adults and is the only type of malformation that can be acquired. Type II involves both the brainstem and cerebellum below the forman magnum, this type is usually associated with other diseases such as spina bifida and myelomeningocele. This is usually found in children and this type is responsible for the name Arnold-Chiari malformation. Type III is the most severe it results in the cerebellum and the brain stem producing a pouch-like structure that protrudes from the back of the head and upper neck. This pouch contains brain matter and causes severe neurological deficits. Finally, Type IV is extremely uncommon and involves the complete underdevelopment of the cerebellum (“Different”, n.d.).

I was drawn to your posting because I am currently treating a patient with the same diagnosis. He is a construction worker, and given the nature of his job which usually involves recurring movements using a screwdriver. Given the frequency and forceful forearm supination and pronation, and/or extension of the forearm and wrist this has resulted

CMT occurs when there are mutation in genes which encode proteins. Depending on the location and type of gene it effects a different cell, structure or organelle will be effected. It can effect myelin, axons and Schwann cells, the effect can range from compaction and maintenace of myelin, cytoskeletal formation, axonal transport and mitochondrial

The oculomotor nerve controls the levator palpabrae superioris, superior rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle and the inferior oblique muscle. Damage to the cranial nerve III would damage the short ciliary nerves which controls the iris. The only ocular muscle which is controlled by the trochlear nerve is the superior oblique muscle which will remain unaffected by the stroke or the