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CIPA Case Studies

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Cognitive Insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis (CIPA) is best described by the International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry (2015) as a disorder that occurs in the autonomic nervous system that is categorized as a level IV Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies (HSAN). 1846 marked the beginning of the recognition of HSAN, but it was not widely analyzed. Advancements in the research of the disorder did not occur largely until 1932 and then were sparse until 1963. Some of the first visible symptoms recorded would refer to the way individuals with the disorder would sweat. Which is consistent with the modern research of sweat variations in people with HSAN. There is no specific gender or race that are inclined to be one of the 0.004% of the population that is affected by the disorder (Ravichandra, Kandregula, Koya,& Lakhotia, …show more content…

HSAN I usually start after one turns twenty years old and has autosomal dominant neuropathy. Responses of HSAN I from patients include: Reflexes do not seem to work, a lack of sweat, and problems with urinating. HSAN II is autosomal recessive neuropathy where individuals lose the sense of pressure and touch. HSAN III seems to be more hereditary, especially with ancestry from Ashkenazic Jews. Symptoms include fungiform papillae on the tongue, loss of pain, and loss of temperature perception. Only about 50% of patients with HSAN III make it to age 30. HSAN IV or CIPA is one of the most talked about forms of HSAN. Individuals with CIPA often times have anhidrosis, which causes them to have issues sweating, thermal and pain sensitivity is absent, and self-mutilation is present. HSAN V is similar to HSAN IV, with insensitivity to pain and temperature, but the autonomic system differs in those with type IV and type V. (Ravichandra, Kandregula, Koya,& Lakhotia, 2015, p.

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