CLIMATE CHANGE: HEALTH CHALLENGES AND PREPAREDNESS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

This table shows the common risks that people face in everyday life compared to that individual dying from taking that risk. These figures were taken from "Living with Risk", published by the British Medical Association, 1987.

These scenarios are in complete contrast with some of the countries of poor health care system. One of these countries is Nigeria which has been suffering from a stagnant health care system. Its people either have limited access to health care or none at all. Many blame this problem to the prevalence of fake drugs, AIDS epidemic and the unhealthy lifestyles of the people while others point at the lack of health policy as the culprit.

Without enough doctors and medicine 60.8% of rural population and 39.2% of Urban population lack proper medical care. (“Zambia.”). A common disease that last all year is Malaria, it is a very deadly disease and is caused by the bite of infected mosquitoes. Over a year an approximant amount of 4 million of the population are infected and 8,000 die “Resources.”. Malnutrition is also a problem that needs a solution. This is a result of poverty and not having the right amount of resources for the correct foods and nutrition that your body needs “Log

Africa is the cradle of the humanity, and the second most populated continent. West Africa has suffered from lack of infrastructure and healthcare. This handicap is characterised by the weather knowing that the west in close to the equator. The tropical climate bring a lot of mosquitos, wich brings malaria to the children and the women. One of the major need are the number of doctors is low. Most African countries import their medicine from the exterior: Ex Europe, India, Middle east theses countries just provide the medicine to the sub sahara region. The lack of technology for example,the Infrared thermography (IRT) used to determined if someone has cancer is not available in Africa due to the insufficiency of money.This cause a big gap between fortunate who can travel and get treat overseas and the who can not afford the tremendous cost. The importance of coming in help to West African healthcare is to develop strong relationship, because in some way if their healthcare is weak it can affect other continent. Some individual are willing to help the Africans countries. People are creating labs for African welfare. Big organization are currently providing heath supply to help treating diseases. African is well known for all the serious diseases it contain. with today 's world, and all the diseases Africa has suffered from a century of negligence toward healthcare. Even though West Africa is slowly getting on its feet after being

Around the world, many wealthy nations provide universal health care to their citizens (excluding the USA). Countries like Canada, the UK and France are prime examples. They provide well thought out services to their citizens and ensure them to obtain the health care they require for any medical reason need be. While some countries are grateful, or maybe even take for granted of the health care they receive, undeveloped nations struggle to find the care they need. Health provision is challenging in these countries due to political, economic and environmental conditions. In order for a nation to live within environmental limits, they should ensure they have a strong and healthy society, but in order to obtain such success a sustainable economy plays a key role. Africa is a prime example to use when discussing the environmental causes that affect one 's health. Africa has a widespread list of environmental impacts that considered it unsafe to numerous living standards. Not only unsafe, but the citizens are prone to an abundance of diseases such as Ebola. With a low economy, such as Africa, the finance to provide health care and increase life expectancy does not exist. Hospitals also have trouble finding properly trained and educated staff to be able to take care of all the people requiring medical attention. Geographic 's majorly affects people 's health, but economics is a priority when it comes to health care services. People who do not receive the health care they required

The theoretical framework that is used in this paper is Collins’s framework, which he describes as a simple tool for policy making (Collins 2005). Collins’s framework is a framework specifically designed for health policies and is an adapted version of Bardach’s policy framework. Bardach proposes eight steps to create a policy; he calls this the ‘eight-fold-path’.

World health Organization (WHO) defines health policy as the decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a society. Health policies defines all the health care priorities, and establish a system of well-planned interventions to achieve better health outcomes. Governments with adequate policy capacity have ‘the ability to develop policy that is aligned with resources in pursuit of goals’ (Greer, Wismar and Figueras 2016: 39). Health policies always designed to targets specific diseases, to control certain determinant of health, or to generally provide a healthy life-style

Within the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) it declares that “The highest standards of health should be within reach for all, without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition” (WHO1946p2). Even as far back as 1946 it was clear that a good standard of health, welfare and social-class should be

Even though current medical treatment protocols have helped eliminate many acute diseases and hence significantly reduce the mortality rates, the prevalence of chronic disease, like cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, cancer, inflammatory diseases like arthritis, and diabetes are adding to the existing burden of disease, with developing countries now facing the burden of undernutrition, infectious disease as well as the chronic diseases, which may be the reason for the lack of increased life expectancy in these countries (Ezzati, M. et al., 2006)

Working together and making strides to better advance Republica will cut down the mortality rates and overall disease in this area. Showing decision-makers the problems in great detail and starting with small changes could possibly help when it comes to finding funding, but the areas need to be laid out first. The critical health related improvements that must be achieved in the country of Republica, are clean water and sanitation, an increase in health care professionals and better education for its citizens so the advancement of Republica can take

A considerable amount of people around this world does not have access to basic health care. Poor sanitation, exposure to harmful materials, and disease are just a few of the problems which can lead to the death of billions in this world. Unfortunately, one needs to be wealthy in order to protect oneself from these developing diseases. According to The Health Site, “39 million people are forced into poverty in India” due to the extreme costs of health management. One could infer from this context that medical care is perceived as a luxury in India, not as a necessity; this alone has the power to create a great decline within the nation’s population. However, this can be changed if enough people

In these three articles, it is said that the “The introduction of public health-related policies may be a few years off, as most efforts are currently focused on research, planning, and communication between federal and state agencies” (The Baffling Nexus of Climate Change and Health). This shows that we need to take into account that things are changing and we may not have any control over but we need to look out for the well-being of people in today's society. For example, infectious diseases, waterborne and foodborne pathogens are all public health concerns and can be affected by climate change. We can do anything about climate change it’s essentially out of our hands and nevertheless, it is something that we need to focus on because it is causing detrimental results to all of us globally. The West Nile virus is a good example because it refers to a particular region in Uganda and is now

1. a. Social determinants of health may influence the burden of disease on global health in many ways. There are major differences in the leading causes of death between low-income, middle income, and high income countries (Moss, 2015). These differences are the result of the varied level of wealth, access to healthcare and clean water, knowledge of health care needs, and the countries’ ability to provide adequate health care to their citizens. Therefore, certain diseases are more prevalent in poor countries versus wealthy countries (Moss, 2015). For example, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and tuberculosis are major killers in low-income countries. Moreover, some preventable diseases are also prevalent in the low-income countries, such as lower respiratory infections, diarrheal disease, premature and low weight births, and neonatal infections (Moss, 2015). Infectious diseases remain the leading causes of death among the middle income countries. At older age, the leading causes of death changes to non-communicable chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, and cancer. This corresponds to the leading causes of death among high income countries (Moss, 2015). Therefore, high income countries spend a significant amount of their GDP on chronic non-communicable diseases while low income countries spend a significant amount of their GDP on communicable diseases, such as HIV, Malaria, and Tuberculosis (Moss, 2015).

In future health care practitioners is going to face two major obstacles or challenges that will affect the health care system. Firstly, change in global climate will affect the health of the people, resulting in numerous diseases because of changing pattern of weather. The human activities that is generating the change in climate by increasing the greenhouse gases. It is affecting more adversely. Here in this paper it is summarize the affects or impacts of climate change in health care and make some evidence that global warming is affecting health sector. An approaches that is focused on health risks due to many reasons like economic disruptions, demographic condition of climate change.

Thesis: In order to overcome geographic obstacles, developing countries should focus their efforts on expanding the nation’s healthcare infrastructure by constructing a network of accessible and affordable medical care and emergency services, expanding access to higher education in medicine for students, and dedicating resources to the research and development of vaccines against common tropical illnesses. By reducing the incidence of illness and sick leave in the work force, these projects will increase labor productivity and, therefore, also increase real GDP per capita, stimulating long-term economic growth.