CT Scan Case Study Essay

The claimant was alert and clear. He was orientated to person, place, time, and situation. His remote memory was poor. He was only able to remember one of the three words presented to him earlier in the evaluation. His immediate recall skills were above average for a forward recall task (8) and below average for a backward recall task (4). He was able to add, subtract, and multiply correctly. His word associations were poor. His abstract knowledge was fair. He somewhat interpreted two of the three proverbs presented. His social knowledge was good. His social reasoning was good. He was able to correctly identify the current president and his immediate predecessor. His concentration and persistence on task was average. His pace of task was fair.

Lina’s overall level of intelligent functioning on the WISC-IV was in the Very Superior range (Full Scale IQ=13; 98th percentile). There were no significant differences between the indices, the FSIQ is considered an accurate estimate of her current function. Lina exhibited Very Superior performance on tasks of verbal comprehension (VCI percentile = 99) and working memory (WMI percentile = 98), fluid reasoning (FRI percentile = 88) and Visual spatial (VSI percentile = 82) fell in the High Average range of functioning. However, the patient lowest score pertained to the Processing Speed (PSI percentile = 77), fell in the high average range which did not lowered her overall score.

was unable to identify or verbally express feelings regarding anger, worry, or fear. Ct was cooperative and engaged in therapeutic activity but requires a lot of prompting to identify strengths, interests, and positive coping skills. Ct was unable to express fears or worries related to past trauma experiences. Ct reported liking his new school and denied any problems with peers.

The WAIS-IV is an assessment designed to measure cognitive functioning and intelligence in adults. The WAIS-IV generates composite, index, and subtests scores based on performance on verbal, non-verbal, processing speed, and working memory tasks. These scores reflect the individual’s performance at the time of testing and can be predictive of future functioning within a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The composite full scale IQ score is a global representation of the individual’s functioning, the index scores represent their ability on a specific grouping of tasks, and the subtests scores indicate their ability within the specific cognitive functions. The composite and index scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15; the

Currently, the radiology department performs 100-150 coronary CTA’s annually. The lack of an evidence based coronary CTA protocol within the radiology department increases the risk of an undesired post procedure patient outcome associated with the care received, ultimately leading to unanticipated expenditures for the facility. Therefore, pre-screening for risks, identification of contraindications, observing for adverse reactions, treatment associated with findings, and education are standards crucial to upholding patient safety standards, managing risk, and minimizing expenditures. In effort to optimize patient-centered care, the NEMH radiology department quality improvement team resolved to develop an evidence based coronary CT protocol

A 22-year-old female soccer player heard a pop while inadvertently twisting her knee during soccer practice. She states that her foot remained planted as her body twisted during a collision with a teammate. She had immediate pain and swelling in the knee. An ambulance is called and she is transported to the local emergency department. X-rays of the knee are negative for any fracture or dislocation. An MRI is ordered and representative selective cuts are shown below. The pathology demonstrated below on the MRI is consistent with an abnormality from which of the following examination maneuvers?

Caden obtained a FSIQ score of 110, which is within the Average to High Average range of intellectual functioning. Caden’s overall thinking and reasoning abilities as measured on the WISC-V exceed those of approximately 75 percentage of children in the representative sample (FSIQ = 110; 95% confidence interval = 104-115). However, closer examination of Caden’s performance on the five indexes of the instrument reflects a significant degree of variability and, as a result, GAI will be used for better interpretation.

The PET is used when the doctor has to inspect the blood flow, oxygen intake and metabolism of the tissues and organs. PET scan is commonly used to observe the growth of cancer cells, to observe the heart, the brain. PET scan is also able to trace neurological disorders such as Alzheimer and evaluate strokes.3,4

damage. Because of this newer dyes are being produced that pose a lower risk to the kidneys of a patient. As with any X-ray, there is some exposure to radiation, however according to the Cancer Council Australia, the risk of developing a cancer from the minimal radiation exposure from a CAT scan is extremely minimal. Doctors typically ask patients to fast for two to four hours before the scan as well as advising that they may want to wear comfortable clothing because a CAT scan involves the patient lying down still for a typically long period of time. As with most diagnostic tools, a patient may be required to drink a large volume of oral contrast, that in turn allows doctors to better see the lining of the organs and is particularly helpful

Radiology is the branch of medicine that uses radiation to diagnose and treat diseases. Radiologists perform and read multiple modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The acquisition of medical imaging is usually carried out by the radiographer or radiologic technologist. Below are a few brief descriptions of each imaging modality: (MITA, 2015) X-Ray- Radiographs are produced by the photons of x-rays passing through a body part to an imaging plate to produce an image. Originally cassettes were used that had crystals imbedded into the film and were processed with chemicals.

1. In this study, brain scans were conducted on 14 healthy elderly subjects and 13 elderly subjects with Alzheimer’s disease, the experimental group, in two different environments: during eyes-closed resting and during a simple sensory motor paradigm. In the paradigm, the subjects were asked to press a button when a stimulus, which was a flashing checkerboard, was presented. A mix of single and paired sequential order was used. Brain scans were also conducted on 14 young healthy subjects, a control group to serve as a basis for comparing the data from both sets of elderly subject groups to provide perspective of lifetime brain change.

Two broad mental abilities are crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. Crystallized Intelligence involves accumulated knowledge and experience that all ties in with “wisdom”. Those who use this type of mental ability have good judgment and are experienced in social norms. This type of intelligence is measured on tests by vocabulary, general information, verbal comprehension and logical reasoning. Fluid intelligence is marked by the use of information processing skills. It involves the working memory, detection of relationships among visual stimuli, and the speed of analyzing information. This type of intelligence is measured on tests by spatial visualization, digit span, letter-number sequencing, and symbol search.

Intelligence tests are psychological tests that meet specific psychometric benchmarks and employs standardized instruments to target cognitive domains. It aims to measure a wide variety of human behaviors, which will allow specialists to have a uniform way of comparing a person's performance with that of other people who are similar in age. Therefore, it is important that intelligence tests be reliable, valid and interpreted by trained examiners in order to provide an idea of a person's intellectual

CT imaging uses ionsing radiation. In CT imaging, the patient lies on a table and a rotating X-ray source enables X-rays to pass through the patient’s body part. There are many models of CT scanners but all require a gantry, an x-ray source, and a detector unit located opposite the X-ray source. The incident beam is directed at the body part or organ of interest and may be attenuated depending on the composition of the tissue. Bones have greater density than soft tissues and thus the incident beam has a greater attenuation for bone than for soft tissue. The detector unit detects the transmitted X-rays from the attenuated beam, converted to signals that collated from various angles, and an image is reconstructed to generate a three-dimensional

History of Present Illness: Ms. Swenson is a very pleasant 87-year-old woman who I saw a couple of weeks ago for incidental finding of pleural plaques in the setting of known asbestos exposure. She has no significant complaints today. She states that she is going to the gym every morning to exercise. She denies any cough. She is here primarily for followup of her CT scan.