Caesarea Maritima

The Mediterranean region encompasses the Mediterranean Ocean and the surrounding land outside of it. Medieval Europe is a time period, sometimes referred to as the ‘dark ages’, where because of various reasons, many cultural changes occurred. From the decline of the West Roman Empire and its empirical structures (circa 647 C.E.) and the creation of the political system, feudalism, new societies emerged with new cultural elements such as an almost complete loss of education and literacy, while other cultural aspects remained such as the social status of women and the importance of religion, mainly Christianity.

merchants and trade from the religions origins’ origins until about 1500. Are there indications of

According to Table 1.1, water vessel type W1 popularity increased over time, while water vessel type W2 decreased (refer to Chart #1). With this information, we may include the remaining archaeological data of water vessels in sites “D” and “GM” into the table with correct chronological order that pre-dates 2200 B.C. In essence, we now know the chronological flow of the sites from recent to oldest, which are “PGU”, “B”, “PGL”, “D” and “GM” respectively.

This week we discovered Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean artworks. I will be discussing the art of Figurine of a Woman, Young god, and funerary mask. I will also reveal important parts from the videos, “The Minoans: Ancient Civilization of Crete”, “Mycenae”, and

Discovering this stash of goods, possibly a factor in the Egyptians establishing trade with the syria-palestine region

In the 7th Century AD, an important individual was buried inside a ship in East Anglia. The ship most likely hauled up from the nearby river, a burial chamber was built in the center of the massive vessel. Luckily grave robbers did not reach the ship burial as they did other nearby burial mounds, because the ship was rich in history and artifacts including gold, silver, bowls, spoons, weapons, drinking horns and much more. Originally discovered in 1939, the artifacts and ship burial have been closely examined another 2 times. The artifacts found within the magnificent burial site have created a lot of stir over the past 80 years. Theories have changed on the significance and origins of the artifacts due to changing hypothesis or the arrival of new and different evidence. Because there are dozens of artifacts within Sutton Hoo, this paper will be focusing on a select four of them including; the ‘baptismal’ spoons, the Merovingian coin hoard, the whetstone, and the scepter. According to scholars over the past 80 years, how have opinions, evidence, or assumptions changed relating to these exact artifacts? This paper will be taking a contemporary look at the perspectives of different scholars on different artifacts and, finally, analyze why these perspectives have shifted or changed over time. To my knowledge, scholars do give credit to previous perspectives, but no scholar has every brought all the perspectives together and analyzed their findings.

From the area that was excavated a total of 30,306 artifacts were excavated from the abandonment deposit. Of these 58.09% related to building materials, 1.15% were classified as ceramics, 30.78% were classified as ecological, .29% were classified as farmware, 3.02% were classified as glass, .56 % was classified as munitions, 1.6% as personal, .17% as general tools and 4.34% as utensils. The focal point of the following review of the data will be on the use of space in terms of foodstuffs, general working areas, and

During the 4th millennium BC Ireland’s second major wave of settlement. During this period Europeans came to Ireland in search of land for their crops and animals. These people left behind major large stone, megalithic, graves through

On an expedition set out by the University of Michigan in search of sites to excavate in the Near East, the staff spent five days at Saint Catherine 's Monastery (Forsyth, 1997). They discovered that the mosaics within the monastery had undergone little restoration since the time of Justinian (Forsyth, 1997). As a result, most of the works were in bad condition and on the verge of collapsing (Forsyth, 1997). Mosaic restorers came in to save the mosaics, which could have been lost forever (Forsyth, 1997). After they secured the mosaics, the restorers cleaned them (Forsyth, 1997). The mosaics now appear in their original state (Forsyth, 1997). One of the most

“Without doubt these artefacts belonged to Paestum,” said Gabrial Zuchtrigel.” “We don't know which tomb they belonged because the site was raided by robbers – something which is devastating for real archaeology.”

A clay cylinder covered in Akkadian cuneiform script, damaged and broken, The Cyrus Cylinder is a powerful symbol of religious tolerance and multiculturalism. In this talk Neil MacGregor, who is the director of the British museum, traces 2600 years of middle eastern history through this cuneiform script. Throughout this talk there are very interesting facets that emerge from Neil’s talk, including the entire text on the cylinder, being symbolic.

I will be discussing the Byzantine A dizzying array of goods circulated in the Byzantine and early Islamic Middle East along trade networks at the juncture of several continents and bodies of water. Although the regions best known routes were those running between Europe and Asia at the western edge of the Silk Road, no less important were north-south overland routes across the Arabian Peninsula to eastern Africa. The convergence of these routes created a unique setting for cultural exchange, as merchants, mercenaries, nomads, and pilgrims came into constant contact along these

Site one consists mainly of human remains and approximately 10 of the 25 clay sherds, shells and ceramics found. The human remains found in site one consists of a partially compete upper skeleton. The only body parts missing is the entire right hand. Based on the lack of pictures of the pelvis, the act of sexing is inclusive. In addition, there seems to be a lack of more detailed photographs of the bones separately. Therefore, aging the individual would be immensely difficult. The majority of ceramics within the stratification of the human remains are of a more intricate make and the layer above has relatively simple pottery. The pottery varies from grey and green slipped to red slipped. The samples taken a represented sample of the ceramics and bones were sent in for radiocarbon dating.

An intrinsic measure of soil and evaluation of taxonomic evidence identifies the birth of this piece as between 450BC-440BC of Athenian provenance. The raw material excavated from a clay bed was transported to the Kerameikos. Clay became separated into component quantities. For decoration a portion was reserved and finely filtered, mixed with water and referred to as a fine clay ‘slip’ (OURef).

There is also an abundance of texts in the archives referring to Kish, Mari, and Emar, in particular, which indicates that there was contact between scribal circles in Northern Syria and Mesopotamia and that this contact was continuous (Matthiae 1980a, 159). The discovery of objects made in Ebla but found in places like Sumer, Ur, Mari and Kish such as composite statues and cylinder seals (Matthiae 1980a, 151) highlights once more that trade and contact between cities was an essential part of the Syrian and Mesopotamian culture and that Ebla itself was a booming economic centre.