Caesarea Maritima Analysis

This chapter shows the trade over the ocean in 1000 ce. The ship was carrying raw materials and goods from all across Asia, containing tin and many more valuable metals.This shows the importance of tin in southeast Asia. Also Tin as a part of another important metal, bronze, was necessary for the production of everyday objects in many areas in Asia. This chapter shows how important metal was at this time and how much of use it was. The maps made it easy to show how Asia connected around other parts of the Asian world."Finally, trade was essential to the everyday practice of culture in the Asian world." [Page 73] this quote shows how trade was good for Asia in bringing it together

The Mediterranean served as a basin for the early civilizations. The rich history of the

Throughout history, archaeology has been a tool used to learn more about past human activities and their cultures by analyzing artifacts, architecture, environment data, and etc. that has been left behind. Many artifacts and monuments became instrumental in expanding the knowledge of the past and the Hagia Triada Sarcophagus is no exception. By analyzing the physical details such as size/dimensions, material, style, images depicted, and the location of the artifact, this can help people determine the reason and purpose of its existence. Eventually this can lead to how it may change or add to the knowledge of the classical world.

According to Table 1.1, water vessel type W1 popularity increased over time, while water vessel type W2 decreased (refer to Chart #1). With this information, we may include the remaining archaeological data of water vessels in sites “D” and “GM” into the table with correct chronological order that pre-dates 2200 B.C. In essence, we now know the chronological flow of the sites from recent to oldest, which are “PGU”, “B”, “PGL”, “D” and “GM” respectively.

If there was ever an important period historians, and people could put a finger on, this would be it. This is the important period where the world’s countries, kingdoms, and dynasties established trade routes. This is the period where countries were made and countries were destroyed because of the importance of trade and the importance of building a fundamental, religious, and economical way of life. This paper will discuss the goals and functions of trades, and traders, and a historical analysis of world trade. This paper will also get into world trade patterns, of The Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa, The Indian Ocean, The Silk routes, China and The South China Sea, Europe and The Mediterranean, and The Atlantic Exploration.

Document two is written by an Arab geographer whose name is Ibn Khurdadhbih. It discusses the Jewish merchants who travel “From West to East and from East to West, sometimes by land, sometimes by sea.”(Document 2) They have many trade goods in including eunuchs, slaves, silk, fur and spices. On their journey they trade items

He could see, through his excavations, that there were separate groups of humans that he came across and therefore the phrases urban and industrial revolution came about. Childe didn’t merely describe and correlate the culture sequences he attempted to account for their origin as well (Renfrew and Bahn, 2012:36). Not only could Childe notice different cultures but “in 1942, Childe used the distribution of tombs on Rousay to estimate the size and distribution of population on this Scottish island during the Neolithic period (Trigger, 2006:376),” and later on whilst he was excavating at sites such as Skara Brae the “analysis of the community and the estimation of population size became much easier (Renfrew and Bahn, 2012:190).” Throughout his life “as early as 1925, Childe had employed a functional view of culture to facilitate his culture-historical analysis (Trigger, 2006:397),” this concept of culture –historical approach is still being considered and thought about in archaeology today. “During the years of 1928 and 1957 Childe revolutionised specific words relating to the past. These terms became important, not just for archaeologists but also historians and more importantly the public. This terminology that was introduced allowed for clear stages that can be seen throughout the chronological timeline of the past (Greene, 1999:97).” These words such as, urban

Archaeologists noticed that these items did not come from a central location, but came from several specific locations. By analyzing the artifacts, archaeologists are able to determine which cultures came into contact and traded with each other. Through isotope analysis, it was determined that the copper ingots were from the island of Cyprus. The pottery was similar to those found throughout Canaan. Also in the wreck, there were logs of blackwood which grew in primarily Africa. There were also glass ingots that were the same as glass found in Egypt and Mycenaean Greece. In addition, there was ivory from elephants and hippopotamus primarily from Syria. Since all of these items were on one trading vessel, archaeologists were able to determine that there was “a vast trade network was well established among various racial and linguistic groups centered on the Mediterranean, from subtropical Africa and the Near East to northern Europe” (Bass 699). Therefore, underwater archaeology shows that there was multicultural trade during the Late Bronze Age. The various civilizations along the Mediterranean coast worked together in a cooperative fashion and relied on each other in order to thrive during the Late Bronze Age. In addition, trade was not localized but widespread throughout the Mediterranean.

This essay will aim to cover several archaeology techniques and methodologies that would have been used during excavation of archeological sites, in particular the New Kinord site. These methods will provide an insight into a wide range of information that I am interested in discovering. These include what the inhabitants of the site did for a living, their diet and how the term of occupation can be determined.

Starting in AD 800 and hitting its peak from 1050- 1200 AD, Cahokia covered six square miles with a population between 10,000 and 20,000 people (Jarus 1). During their 500 years, the Cahokians developed America’s first city and arguably the greatest civilization of its time, and then seemingly disappeared without a trace. But, despite Cahokia’s disappearance, a significant amount of history was left behind through earthen mounds, evolved social structures, advanced cultural practices, and Cahokia’s unexplained demise.

In the 7th Century AD, an important individual was buried inside a ship in East Anglia. The ship most likely hauled up from the nearby river, a burial chamber was built in the center of the massive vessel. Luckily grave robbers did not reach the ship burial as they did other nearby burial mounds, because the ship was rich in history and artifacts including gold, silver, bowls, spoons, weapons, drinking horns and much more. Originally discovered in 1939, the artifacts and ship burial have been closely examined another 2 times. The artifacts found within the magnificent burial site have created a lot of stir over the past 80 years. Theories have changed on the significance and origins of the artifacts due to changing hypothesis or the arrival of new and different evidence. Because there are dozens of artifacts within Sutton Hoo, this paper will be focusing on a select four of them including; the ‘baptismal’ spoons, the Merovingian coin hoard, the whetstone, and the scepter. According to scholars over the past 80 years, how have opinions, evidence, or assumptions changed relating to these exact artifacts? This paper will be taking a contemporary look at the perspectives of different scholars on different artifacts and, finally, analyze why these perspectives have shifted or changed over time. To my knowledge, scholars do give credit to previous perspectives, but no scholar has every brought all the perspectives together and analyzed their findings.

In 1982, the Ulu Burun shipwreck was discovered off the coast of Ulu Burun, near the modern city of Kas, Turkey. This fifty-foot long trading vessel was sank under the Mediterranean Sea. The discovery of preserved raw materials and finished goods in the wreck ship revealed the vast trade routes among seven different ancient civilizations and the significance of network and distribution of commodities during the Late Bronze Age by deciphering the clues of preserved artifacts; therefore, archaeologists should explore more of the ocean in order to accurately answer the questions about the past.

Introduction: Provide background information on the Crusades, restate the DBQ question, state thesis with reasons. (include academic vocabulary and underline)     Between the end of the eleventh century into the thirteenth century,the European Christians conducted a series of nine wars that have come to be known as the crusades.  ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A reflection on religious monuments and their implements in their connection to their faith and use of prayer. This reflection uses Christian, Islamic, and Jewish religions as examples of study in the Medieval era.

We are living in an extraordinary time, one where access to information is readily available than any other time in human history. Everyday new information’s are coming to light and scientists are discovering many more secrets of ancient times, how they lived, build and survived. Some amazing aspects of Ancient Roman civilizations have come to light about their building material which answers other question regarding their architecture as well. Roman Concrete Scientists have recently discovered the reason why the Roman concrete has survived underwater for more than two millennia and is still getting stronger.