Calico Stone Tools Essay

There are manifold stone tool industries, however there are two especially prevalent technocomplexes; the Oldowan and the Acheulean. Although perhaps not the most intricate instances of implement development, they are the oldest and describe their creators’ lifestyles; information that would otherwise be all but lost. The gradual evolution of these tools over millions of years portray a clear change in the users acclimatisation to new and varied environments, as well as their cultural adaptations. This essay will aim to analyse, through comparison, the varying behavioural adaptations of early Homonins, taking into account the factors of diet, ranging patterns, and the development of social behaviour.

Ceramic making is still a popular tradition today in the Americas, especially on Native Indian Reservations, like in Western, North Carolina. The use of ceramics, however, is quite different than the way it was used by the natives during the Middle Woodland Period. Today, pottery is mainly made for decoration or art purposes by modern day Americans, but according to Wallis (2011), about 3,000 years ago the use of pottery became a very common use and practiced tradition among the native people who lived during that time period. The Swift Creek culture and the Cherokee Indians had very similar methods in formulating ceramics. The archaeological findings of these artifacts states that one group had been more advanced designs on their vessels. This reason is most likely because of the materials that one group was able to access in their area that the other group did not have available. One group was also more traditional and spiritual in making their vessels, which caused them to create more complex designs and methods while designing their ceramics (Block 2005). By looking at the similarities of both groups pottery styles, archaeologists were able to determine the minor but very distinctive differences, that one group processed in their art, than the other. By comparing each group’s ceramics by looking at

Chaco Canyon, located in what is New Mexico today, closer to Arizona, is one of the archeological sites with many hypothesis and conclusions full of contradiction because of its complexity of what was happening there during Chaco’s economical peak. It is one of the prehistorical places that hold the history of the humans and how complex the organization between social, religious and economical was. The remains of the amazing tall and complex buildings surrounded with roads helped the archeologists to hypothesize the use of those buildings and those roads that surrounded them.

[pic]we also noticed the different types of tools used to hunt from the lowest level to the most current level and retouched flakes prevailed during all periods we have determined by our excavations. This was a favorite weapon to hunt and perhaps used to hunt larger preys found in the area. The use of end scraper also prevailed for many years and it was probably used to tear up the skin to cover themselves in the cold winter time. Other tools were also found, but a significant lower number.

By examining Neanderthal tools and utensils one can gain an understanding of the complexity of

Through ice-free corridors and water logged routes, Paleoindians travelled from Alaska to Siberia to enter the New World. Over their travels, they discovered new tools, hunting methods and traveling/living techniques. Paleoindians in both North and Central America typically lived in bands of up to 50 people. They were makers of fire and creators of diverse stone tool technology. They had the same physical features in both areas, including hair colour and texture, skin tone, blood types and dentition marks. (Rivals & Semprebon, 2012, pg. 1608). These similarities are immediately noticeable when analysing an archaeological site, but others such as the original Paleoindian stone toolkit being present in each region, similar hunting methods and travel techniques become evident throughout the scrutiny of North and Central American sites.

The Haudenosaunee lived in balance with nature that they imposed, while Europeans lived in competition with nature, attempting to control it fully. This vastly different method of farming is an important part of American history as it is the reason for the famous Great Plains. It also gives insight into the nature of the Native Americans and their livelihoods. The mound building engineers who built Cahokia’s Monks Mound show us that even though the Indians lived centuries ago, they were just as able as other ancient civilizations and even modern ones. The monks mound was built on clay which is prone to swelling and by insulating and watering the mound, it still exists today (Mann 260). Just as the Ancient Egyptians are studied for their pyramids, the Cahokians should be studied as part of Ancient U.S. History demonstrating their engineering ability. Finally, an achievement of Native Americans that makes them worthy of inclusion in U.S. History is the invention of terra preta, an unusually fertile soil found in Amazonia that is anthropogenic. Indians likely used the technique, slash-and-char to create charcoal

They are not the oldest stone tools ever found--those were discovered in northwestern Kenya and date back 3.3 million years. But these are the oldest stone tools found in the Puget Sound lowland area, and the discovery is certainly large and significant for archaeologists. These tools offer new insight into what the human population of Western Washington was doing at the close of the last ice age, the kind of information that could serve to fill other gaps in our knowledge of human history and evolution from prehistoric

American Journal of Archaeology 2000: 743. JSTOR

When Prof. Green wrote his conclusion in his March 1969 report, he proposed that there was evidence for Pueblo I-III periods and postulated that Basketmaker II & III materials should be found in the same area with more survey efforts. All the stone implements I catalogued and analyzed were given the provenience of “surface” (Green 1969, 1970).

As an archeologist, solving the puzzle about our past generations isn’t easy to analyze without written forms of communication. In a perfect world, every important aspect of each and every culture before us would be well documented in written texts. We can however, make inferences and analyze the artifacts and other forms of communication that are excavated from various sties around the globe. There are many different forms of important artifacts from the mesoamerican culture that shaped state authority and control. Mesoamerica is a culture and region in Mexico/northern South America, that existed from 3500 BCE to 1697 AD. Two important cultures within mesoamerica are the Aztec and Maya. More specifically, three examples of these important artifacts are the Templo Mayor, the Maya stelae and the ritual of bloodletting. These are great examples because each presents a different type of artifact and contributes to different aspects of state authority.

The third article will report on the research results of three planned seasons of fieldwork (either Spring/Summer or Fall 2018, 2019, and 2020) at the late Pleistocene paleontological site Chivacabe, Huehuetenango, Guatemala (Western Highlands), and will place it in the larger context of Paleoamerican activity within Middle America. In the 80s, non-prismatic obsidian artifacts, including a lanceolate fluted point (Figure…), were found at the site but without archaeological control. Interestingly, one of the obsidian items is a very small piece of green Pachuca obsidian from Central Mexico (Figure…). Although not from a known context, the possibility that early Paleoamerican occupants at the site had access to Central Mexican obsidian is

The Clovis people were an ancient civilization. They were people who came to Brazil and the Americas from Asia. They came from Asia to their new homes it was 13,000-15,000 years ago to be exact. They used stone for making tools. Then, they could use the stone tools to make stone houses for shelter. The Clovis people were able to make stone tools which they used for building their civilization. This is why stone was a very important resource to them, because they built the building blocks of their constructions and civilization to thrive. The tools were found by archaeologists. They were able to use an artifact dating technique called thermoluminescence. This is a technique uses the exposure to sunlight to determine the age of the artifact or

The Watson Brake Mound Complex, located in Louisiana, has been dated to 5400 years ago. This mound building tradition in the reaches far back into the Archaic. At Watson Brake, there is no evidence of cultivation, no evidence of long distance trade, yet here sits the oldest mound structure of a more hunter-gather type of society with no influence of the Mesoamerican sphere, (Pringle,1). Another site lies in Poverty Point, Louisiana, about 3500 years old, a record of 800 years of mound building occurring in the Late Archaic. There is little artefactual evidence of material goods such as pottery, and cultivation tools that lead to an agricultural society with the exception of unique clay balls thought to be used for cooking are found here, which show no impact made by Mesoamerica, (Ortmann, 675).

The belief prevails that the human tools primitive often are cut sharp stones that could be used in the chipping and defend itself, but scientists and researchers in the past ten years and found evidence to the contrary show that Neanderthal had a sophisticated tools for what we believe, they have found evidence things look like ropes and chains ..