Callista Roy : The Roy Adaptation Model

Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a

     Other major developments of the model in the 1999 textbook include: expanding the adaptive modes to include relational persons as well as individual persons and describing adaptation on three levels of integrated life processes, compensatory processes, and compromised processes. Roy has also outlined a structure for nursing knowledge development based on the Roy Adaptation Model and provided examples of research within this structure. Roy remains committed to developing knowledge for nursing practice and continually updating the Roy Model as a basis for this knowledge development.

Throughout nursing, there are many theories that nurses may come across and use. Calista Roy’s and Betty Neuman are two theorists that use two different types of models to encompasses the health, person, and the environment. Callista Roy uses a theory that promotes adaptation to the stimuli a person may encounter. Betty Neuman uses a theory that promotes equilibrium in a time where a person will encounter stress. These theories allow the nurse to bring a knowledge to learn more about the person and the factors that influence their health. Although with any theory there are different approaches in how the nursing plan is done, but with the patient in mind, it makes the difference in care that is given and allows for better outcomes for the patient.

To support excellence in nursing practice, Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) guides nurses in developing effective care through the use of reasoning, critical thinking, and decision-making. With a focus on adaptation, RAM can be utilized as a framework to conceptualize and plan individualized patient care or may be applied in a limited context to develop interventions for distinct clinical populations (Senesac, 2013).

Florence Nightingale, or as soldiers on the battlefield would call her the “Lady with the Lamp”, was an inspirational women of the nineteenth century that had many aspirations and dreams concerning the care of others. Achieving these dreams by “facilitating the reparative processes of the body by manipulating the patient’s environment” (Potter & Perry 2009, p. 45); Nightingale laid the foundations of modern nursing and gave the country and many others a system that has stood the test and remains timeless. In this, Florence has become one of the most widely known nursing theorist to this day.

A metaparadigm is a concept that is extremely general, one that serves to define an entire world of thought. The metaparadigm of nursing is comprised of four parts: person, health, nursing and environment. This concept is important to nursing theory, because those are the key areas of focus when it comes to patient care. In this metaparadigm, the ‘person’ can refer to the patient, the patient’s family members, friends, communities, and groups. The nurse’s goal when dealing with the ‘person’ is to nurture the patient and empower him or her to manage their own health to the best of their abilities. The next part of the metaparadigm is ‘health’. It generally addresses the person’s state of well-being and their availability to healthcare. The other metaparadigm ‘environment’ includes factors that affect individuals internally and externally. A positive therapeutic interaction creates an environment that is essential for patient recovery. The final concept in the metaparadigm of nursing is ‘nursing’. In general, this refers to any hands-on medical treatment from nurse to patient.

Abstract In this paper I will describe the evolution of my nursing philosophy. My nursing philosophy is dynamic and ever changing, dependent upon the person, environment nursing and the health of the person. Everyone is different. They come from different backgrounds, nationalities, genders, races and social statuses to name a few.

In a world where there is constant change, and individuals are constantly attempting to adapt and cope with these changes, the human experiences and responses to this process is central to nursing interest, (Meleis, 2012). Today’s global health problems in addition to the politically volatile health care system, and the rising cost of health care seem insurmountable. As nurses,

Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a conceptual model, which identifies the

The Roy Adaptation Model for Nursing had it's beginning with Sister Callista Roy entered the masters program in pediatric nursing at the University of California in Los Angeles in 1964. Dorothy E. Johnson, Roy's advisor and seminar faculty, was speaking at the time on the need to define the goal of nursing as a way of focusing the development of knowledge for practice. During Roy's first seminar in pediatric nursing, she proposed that the goal of nursing was promoting patient adaptation. Johnson encouraged her to develop her concept of adaptation as a framework for nursing, throughout the course of her master's program. Von Vertalanffy's use of systems theory was a key component in the early

The adaptation model is used virtually in every nursing field more so in oncology treatment, hospice care, long-term cardiac care, and pediatric care. (Dewey, 2016) There are “five main concepts the adaptation theory and they consist of the health, the person, the nurse, the adaptation, and the environment” (Badr, 2014). In the adaptation theory there are four modes the physiological-physical mode, the self-concept-group identity mode, the role function mode, and the interdependence mode (Petiprin, 2016). The physiological-physical mode is comprised of the basic needs such as nutrition, rest, activity, protection, oxygenation, and elimination. The self-concept mode is focused on the spiritual and psychological integrity along with the sense of meaning, unity, and purposefulness in the universe. The role function mode the roles that a person occupies in society achieving the need for social integrity. The interdependence mode is the development and structure of individuals and groups the purpose of people’s close relationships and potential of adaptation of their relationships (Gonzalo,

Among many nursing theories and models, the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) has served framework for practice in a variety of settings. Sister Calista Roy is one of the highest respected nursing theorists, researchers, lecturers and teachers, and she is currently

Nightingale describes nursing from an ecological perspective, saying that a nurse will put a patient in a way that nature acts best upon them. This is by manipulating the environment to achieve a state of health as the health of a person directly depends on the environment. Roy defines a person as being an adaptive system who keeps changing according to the external and internal system, so she uses stimuli to describe his adaptive system, which is a behavioral model; the patient has to be observed to give the best adaptive response.

Nursing, a profession currently regarded with high esteem and respect, has been tied directly to feminism since its establishment. However, due to the nature of feminism and its implications throughout history, nursing hasn’t always been held with high regard in that respect. It promoted the idea of women assuming roles much greater than that of a caretaker. Nursing began to command for the higher education of women as nursing itself was highly driven to be a respected vocation, combining biomedical sciences and the innate caring and nurturing instincts within its nurses. This was not a passive process. It depended on innovators within, contributing to the education of nurses, and in turn, the education of women. As nursing was

Being the daughter of a Licensed Vocational Nurse and the eldest of seven children, Sister Callista Roy learned the importance of selflessness, caring and the importance of really knowing and caring for others. A scholar with a degree in sociology as well as nursing, and her involvement as a Sister in the church showed a true dedication of service of others. (Parker & Smith, 2010, p. 168). The Adaptation Model looks at a patient’s health through the lens of adaptation, being able to change based on environmental factors whether they are internal or external Shah, M. (2015). Compare and Contrast of Grand Theories: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Roy’s Adaptation Model. International Journal of Nursing Didactics, 5(01), 39-42. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijnd.2015.vol5.iss01.28.39-42. This model was developed while completing her Master’s Degree influenced by Dorothy