Campylobacter Jejuni Essay

Schwan’s Sales Enterprise had the largest foodborne illness outbreak in history in Marshall, Minnesota around 1994 (Rubenstein, 1998). Cliff Viessman, a tanker truck operator transported a shipment of raw eggs that may have been infected with salmonella bacteria. The suspected contamination was unknown to Viessman’s employees. A foodborne illness is an infection or irritation of the gastrointestinal that caused by food or beverages that contain harmful bacteria, parasites, viruses, or chemicals. The company truck was parked and pressure washed to eliminate the bacteria. The next assignment was to transport ice cream mix to the Schwan’s plant (Rubenstein, 1998). Schwan’s company heard about the bacteria that may have affected their product and

coli O157 became a reportable disease. But Outbreak surveillance has several limitations. Many outbreaks go unrecognized, are classified as outbreaks of unknown etiology, and are not reported to local public health officials or CDC. Smaller outbreaks and outbreaks with unknown transmission routes and vehicles are less likely to be reported. Additionally, outbreak reporting may not be uniform across time periods or states. Therefore, trends should be interpreted carefully, given the changing factors that may impact outbreak detection and reporting. While a summary of outbreaks cannot draw firm conclusions on disease trends, illustration of transmission routes, food vehicles, outbreak size, and clinical outcomes over time empowers public health officials, regulatory agencies, and health educators to target appropriate interventions and reevaluate current prevention

Over the years, healthy, safe, nutritious, and essential milk has increased as a focus of safer and healthier foods in the public health industry2. Today, health Canada distinguishes that a safer and healthier milk is a major

safety was an E. coli outbreak in 2007. The Topps Meat Company of Elizabeth, New Jersey,

For the seven interviews that the team conducted, three of the cases had eaten hamburger or ground beef, no cases had drunk raw milk, only one case had traveled outside Michigan, no restaurant or social event was identified in common, all of the cases had consumed lettuce, and six had eaten alfalfa sprouts. Appendix A shows the line listing of people who became ill with E.coli or E.coli symptoms from June 15 to July 15. Based on those findings no obvious linkages between patients were found. Appendix B shows the epidemic curve for this outbreak. The epidemic curve showed that the onset of illness among cases occurred from June to July with largest number occurring on June 22nd. Based on the appendix D, DNA fingerprinting

Coli outbreak occurred in 1993, and was one of the most serious food-borne disease crises faced by the US in decades. This outbreak involved 5 states, caused 732 infections, and hospitalized 195 people. Out of those infected, 55 individuals developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)—a harmful kidney disease— while three died. Furthermore, there was a costly beef recall. The source of the outbreak was infected ground beef served at the national hamburger chain, Jack in the Box.11 This outbreak was highly publicized, and was also combined with expert testimony over the surprising virulence of the disease as well as the CDC reporting surprise over the sudden increase in outbreaks. The public was panicked: hamburgers, the all American food frequently consumed by the public, were potentially lethal. Furthermore, journalists and legislators were beginning to underscore the lack of modernization to meat industry regulations, which had not undergone a significant improvement since the early 1900s after Upton Sinclair’s famous book, The Jungle. Meat inspectors still used the primitive “poke and sniff” method, which was insufficient to detect bacteria contaminations. Overall, these developments created the atmosphere of a public health

Campylobacter enteritis is frequent in young children (<4 years of age) and in adults (15 – 44 years) (Ftizgerald and Nachamkin, 2011).

After receiving the test results, the samples confirmed to bacteria that was in the water. The two bacteria’s where Coliform Bacteria and E.Coli. Coliform bacteria is present in the feces of all warm-blooded animals and humans. The three water samples for total coliform bacteria were 57,000 CFUs, 43,000 CFUs and 45,000 CFUs. The team of scientist was in surprise due to the high contamination level of the Coliform

The results suggest that pasteurization kills most pathogens in milk by brief exposure to relatively high temperature. This was demonstrated most beneficially with the 10-6 and 10-7 dilutions wherein the raw milk exhibited 284,000,000 cells/mL and 440,000,000 cells/mL respectively and the pasteurized milk had too few cell colony forming units to even count. Unpasteurized milk is not healthy for people to drink. For example, in a study performed in December of 2001, the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni, a microaerophilic bacteria commonly found in animal feces, was found in unpasteurized milk at an organic dairy farm in Wisconsin and caused 75 people, ages 2 to 63, to become ill.

This scenario, according the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a typical scenario when families [adults and children] develop E.coli from contaminated foods, such as ground beef [most common source of E.coli], vegetables that have been exposed to manure in their growing stage, and unpasteurized juices (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Upon observation, of the epidemiologic information in the case study, my hypothesis [preliminary guesses as to the source of the infection] is that that those who sought treatment in the emergency room had all eaten hamburgers, made with undercooked ground beef, at the same fast food restaurant.

Scientists have shown that bovine suffering from mastitis, infection of the breast tissue, have a significantly higher possibility of drug resistant S. aureus presenting in lactated milk (Bardiau et al., 2013). Another study from the United Kingdom found isolates of LA-MRSA within bulk milk tanks from cows (Homes et al., 2012). This research has further highlighted the reservoir establishment of MRSA throughout livestock. The potential for food source contamination doesn’t end at milk. Recent journal publications analyzing slaughterhouses, animals, and workers for MRSA colonization have found evidence of colonization. All three of these were found to be colonized with a variety of genetic strains (Normanno et al., 2015). The potential for food contamination shines a spotlight for human health risks that can affect supply and increase medical expenses. Further analysis is needed, globally, to identify potential disease

The problem occurs when the federal drug administration doesn’t require inspectors of produce and vegetables to release their findings. If the FDA was to step in and make sure that all auditors release findings as to listeria, salmonella, and other pathogens in produce less people would succumb to illnesses or death. Due to the fact that there are no guidelines set in place to prevent such outbreaks more people are succumbing to salmonella, listeria, and other pathogens. Other than the FDA, producers should be held

Human campylobacteriosis are increasing around the world due to the consumption of contaminated food and water. It has been reported that the most prevalent source of campylobacteriosis is from undercooked poultry meat, and the mishandling of raw poultry (Heyndrickx et al., 2002; Teufel, 2002)

According to Ronnie Cummings of In Motion Magazine, after several dozen consumers in Colorado were poisoned by E-coli feces in their burgers, 25 million pounds of hamburger meat had to be recalled from the Hudson Foods Corporation. Much of the E. coli found in meat appears to be a product of feedlot life of cattle getting a feedlot diet and living in their own manure. The feedlot lifestyle is a common practice of corporate manufactured meat.

Raw milk is not sold in every state, and there have been reports that the FDA has closed down many raw milk producers nationwide. The reason behind this, I don’t know, but it looks as if they don’t want the health benefits to get out to the public. The less work and more natural a product is, the healthier it is. In my opinion, drinking raw milk has been done for hundreds, if not thousands, of years, and in many locations around the world, people still drink raw milk. If it was really as bad for you as the FDA claims, humans would have never continued to drunk raw milk.