Cancellous Bone Structure

Cartilage tissue is a smooth, firm substance that protects ends of the bones from friction during movement and they can be found at the end of our bones in mobile joints, the front ends of the ribs, also in parts of our nose and ears.

A. long bones are the thickest midway down the diaphysis, where the stresses are the greatest.

The fibula (slender long bone that lies parallel with and on the lateral side of the

The shaft of the bone which surrounds the medullary cavity. In this patients case the diaphysis (shaft) of the humerus has been fractured

Cartilage doesn’t contain any nerves or blood vessels and is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue, the perichondrium (Marieb, 176). Bones contain various types of tissues which makes them organs. They are used for support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation (Marieb, 178-179).

Osteoblast- cells which build bone by removing calcium and phosphates form the blood in the presence of the enzymes alkaline phosphates secrete by

Based on color, the cartilage was whitish in color while the bone was cream colored. The cartilage was relatively more flexible than the bone. On composition, bone is made up of calcium while cartilage is made up of hyaline materials. Upon piercing with a knife, the bone is resistant to piercing. On application of more force, it cracks and breaks unevenly as compared to the cartilage that is less resistant to piercing and was cut clean through upon application of a relatively lesser

The bony collar of long bones helps them withstand compressive stress by the mechanism described in #4A above (i.e. hydroxyapatite, weight-bearing pillars). In addition, long bones also withstand compressive forces by virtue of the spongy ("cancellous") bone in the epiphyses. The interlocking network of bony plates (called "trabeculae") found in spongy bone help to distribute the weight of the body out to the tough bony collar of the diaphysis. In this way, bony plates act much like the trusses or struts in old-time railroad bridges which distribute the weight of the train evenly over the entire bridge.

Materials for this laboratory included Microsoft excel to compile data, a pen and paper to record data, a 15cm ruler, string, a caliper, and a two meter ruler. Since bones often times vary in width in certain portions of the same bone due to the presence of joints and processes the bone was measured at the midpoint along its length for its true width. Measurements

The articular cartilage is a connective tissue that covers the part of the epiphysis where the bone comes together to form a joint, also known as an articulation. Articular cartilage allows bones to glide over each other creating very little friction and also makes it easier for

the cartilage within a joint. Cartilage is the tissue between the joints to ensure that they

Bones is a living tissue that contain a blood vessel and nerves. It capable of moulding itself when it damaged.

The anatomical terms that have always given me problems are the name of the parts of the bone in legs and arms: diaphysis, epiphysis, and metaphysis.

The skeletal system is made up of bones and joints. Bones are a dry dense tissue that is composed of calcium phosphorous and organic matter. The bones are protected and covered by a layer of fibrous connective tissue membrane called the periosteum (Brown, et al., 2015, p. 1547). There are two basic types of bone tissue: Compact Bone and Spongy Bone. Compact bones are dense smooth bones, while Spongy bones are composed of small needle-like pieces of bones and open space. Bones are then categorised according to the shape of the bone into four groups: long, short, flat and irregular. Long bones characteristically are typically longer then they are wide and generally have a shaft with heads at either ends e.g. the humerus. They are mainly compact bones. Short bones

(Ca 10 [PO 4 ] 6 [OH]2 ) referred to as hydroxyapatite. The remaining third is dominated by collagen fibers, with osteocytes and proteoglycans contributing only around 2 percent.