Cancer In Fruit Flies Essay

Cancer is a multi-step disease that can originate from any cell type, but the majority of human cancers are epithelia-derived carcinomas (Yang and Weinberg 2008). The first step in

This illustrates how children develop cancer from different types of carcinogenic and genes, this will be used in the introduction of my essay.

While there are several biological factors that have the ability to lead to cancer, genetics is the most currently researched. A study done by Bharaj, Scorilas, Giai and

An ordinary human body contains approximately one trillion cells and precisely 46 chromosomes in each cell. However, the human body can be altered by a genetic mutation. Over the course of history, genetic mutations have had a large impact on the human race. They have brought harm to numerous amounts of people. Cancer, in particular, is one of the most lethal diseases. Cancer begins when a portion of DNA inside a chromosome is damaged, causing a cell to mutate. Then, the mutated cell reproduces multiple times and creates a tumor. Afterwards, cancer cells break off of the tumor, enter the bloodstream, and disperse throughout the body. If the cells break off, the tumor is considered malignant - this type of cancer is very difficult to cure.

Fruit flies with normal wings have a higher population and greatly outnumber the population of fruit flies with dichaete or vestigial wings.

At the end of our experiment, we were able to calculate the error percentage with the actual calculations. We were also able to compare the Punnett squares too. Some of the actual calculations were quite different than the expected, while others were spot on. One example is with normal wings, yellow body, our actual was two thousand two hundred and eighty-four flies and so was our expected. Whether the results were spot on or completely different we still had results to compare to the expected amount of each type of fly.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths are estimated to have occurred in 2008. The leading cause of cancer mortality in females is breast cancer, accounting for 23% followed by lung cancer and cervical cancer accounting for 11% respectively. Furthermore, estimates show that, the leading cause of cancer mortality in males is lung cancer accounting for 17% of the total new cancer cases and 23% in total cancer deaths. [2].

In the last century, we human beings have discovered copious amounts about our own biochemistry: from genetics to development, behaviour to the origin of species, and evolution to aging. The reason many of these biological findings have been discovered is as a result of Drosophila melanogaster (the binomial nomenclature for the fruit fly) . Astonishingly, the fruit fly has been the tiny test subject from which some of the 20th century's greatest biological discoveries have arisen. In fact, crucial information such as the dangers of radiation, the principles of heredity and the causes and cures for many diseases are all built on the foundation of fruit fly research. Subsequently, I believe the greatest biological discovery of the 20th century

Fruit flies can be so annoying and troublesome,but the good news is that you can deal with them quite easily.So,how can I get rid of the flies?You don't need to invest in difficult or expensive methods to accomplish the mission.All you have got to do is follow the simple guide below;

Cancer has been one of the biggest killers in the world for the past 100 years. Previously, before science advanced to the point that it’s at today; no one really understand where cancer came from or why it would suddenly generate inside a human’s body. But, since finding out the reasons behind all of the hundreds of different cancers, there’s almost always a cause/health defect.

world, have been related to the causes of many types of cancer. Some of the most

“The Emperor of All Maladies” captured the whole essence of cancer. This book gave a very good narrative of the historical record of cancer, the scientists and important public figures who contributed to the fight against a disease that has so much caused despair, pain, disfiguring of the body and worst of all, death. Cancer is seen as the abnormal growth of cells. A normal cell becomes cancerous when there is a defect in the regulation of its growth. Cancerous cells also tend to be elusive and resistant to treatments. Numerous attempts have been channeled into demystifying the nature of cancer. Some of these attempts proved abortive while a few served as a harbinger of hope. Cancer have proved to be part of our genetic makeup, hence, total eradication of it remains a future accomplishment.

studied mice that were growing 48 different kinds of human cancers and treated them with the 12

Drosophila melanogaster or fruit fly in general terms, was one of the earliest organisms that were used for genetics analysis by scientists. The reasons behind the use of this species are due to its small size, short generation time and the ability of females to lay a lot of eggs. Since Drosophila melanogaster has been studied in 1900, this have brought a large contribution to genetic studies and particularly used as model organisms in the Human Genome Project. In recent years, the whole genome of Drosophila melanogaster was sequenced and this bring innovations for scientists for deeper genetic analysis1. This helps another experiment which was conducted following the aforementioned study. The scientists studied the human disease-associated gene sequences in Drosophila melanogaster. They performed a systematic blast analysis of about 1000 human gene of diseases and associated mutant alleles against the complete genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. This analysis significantly helps promote interaction between individuals and Drosophila melanogaster research scientists and accelerate the understanding of the pathogenesis of human genetic diseases2. The previous example shows that Drosophila melanogaster is helpful in investigating on human genetic diseases, so an experiment was done by Drosophila melanogaster serves as a model of the well-known Parkinson’s disease3. By identifying the mutant gene, the model recapitulates the necessary features of human disorder and

The lung cancer cells especially in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are the primary target cells for this study. In addition to the lung cancer cells, the human breast cancer cells and pancreatic cancer cells are selected for the study in order to compare and confirm the similar activities of the gene expression and mechanism that induce these cancers.