Cancer In Women Research Paper

Sometimes these lesions can be hard to see, so an examination may be needed. These warts can sometimes lead to the development of certain forms of cancer. Other symptoms can include irregular menstrual bleeding, vaginal pain, foul smelling discharge, and possible back and pelvic pain (WHO, 2016).

**Round ligament pain** can occur on one or both side of your groin or lower abdomen. As your ligaments stretch to help support your uterus, it can cause a dull ache or brief, sharp pains.

Cervical cancer is caused by the uncontrollable growth of cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Some signs of cervical cancer are abnormal bleeding in the vagina (between menstrual cycles, after sex, and after menopause), pain in the lower belly, pain during sex, and abnormal vaginal discharge.

Some signs and symptoms of cervical cancer are abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge and pelvic pain and pressure. Cervical cancer is preventable with regular screening tests. One test is a Pap test sometimes also called a Pap smear. This test looks for precancerous cells that

If symptoms persist and the GP suspects ovarian cancer, a blood test is commonly performed to detect for protein CA125 in blood; a tumor marker used to assess ovarian cancer. However, this method is not specific because elevated levels are common in other gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, adenomyosis and fibroids (Chu and Rubin, 2006). The increased levels may be an indicator since normal surface epithelium of the ovary does not express this protein and other tests can be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Also a transvaginal ultrasound is done where a probe is inserted into the vagina to examine the fallopian tubes, womb and ovaries to detect any abnormalities. When a tumor is suspected, a gynecological laparoscopy is performed where the fallopian tubes,

Cancer is started when the DNA in a cell becomes damaged. The mutated cells caused by the damaged DNA rapidly reproduce which can cause tumors to form. There are two types of tumors, benign tumors and malignant tumors. A benign tumor is non-invasive, and an malignant tumor is invasive. Breast cancer generally will form in the lobules or milk ducts. Lobular carcinoma in situ, also called LCIS, is non-invasive. That means the it forms and stays in the lobules. Lobular carcinoma is invasive. That means that it develops in the lobules and breaks through and has a potential to spread to other parts of the body. Ductal carcinoma in situ is non-invasive. It forms and stays in the milk ducts. Ductal carcinoma is invasive and is when ductal carcinoma

Cells could also move to the pelvis cavity other ways, like during a Caesarian section delivery. A faulty immunity system might fail to eliminate the misplaced cells. Symptoms - Pain before, during, or after menstruation is that the symptom that is most typical. This pain might be disabling and might occur during or after sex, or during urination or bowel movements. The signs can be about the location of the growths. It is just cramps that are normal? Nearly all women have some pain with their periods. They can get respite from over the counter pain medicines. In case the pain remains after your period is over, keeps you or lasts over 2 days, tell your doctor.

Endometriosis- When the normal lines that are inside of the uterus are outside of the uterus and end up in the ovaries causing severe pain in the lower abdomen. This disease has many many treatments from hormone therapy to several different types of procedure and surgeries. This

In its early stages, the presence of cervical cancer may not create any noticeable symptoms. As the cancer progresses, the woman may experience a watery vaginal discharge and painless bleeding. Over time, the bleeding becomes heavier and more frequent, and pain becomes noticeable in the lower abdomen or back. The best tool for diagnosing cervical cancer is the Pap smear. In this simple test, cells are removed from the cervical epithelium with a cotton swab or wooden scraper and examined under a microscope for precancerous cell changes and signs of malignancy (Peterson). If the Pap smear shows more significant abnormalities, the health care provider will want to look at the cervix with a colposcope (a special type of microscope that allows the provider to examine the vagina and cervix). The earlier cervical cancer is diagnosed and treated, the greater the chances are that the patient will survive (McKesson Clinical...).

The difficulty in catching ovarian cancer early lies in the elusive nature of the signs and symptoms. The most common symptoms reported are increased fatigue, needing to pee more often, persistent bloating, and stomachaches. Because ovarian cancer can become so large as to obstruct other organs in the body, women can sometimes feel unusually full only after a small meal or snack. This can cause some patients to lose their appetites as well. When working women and full-time mothers are bustling around the house or office, it can be easy to miss these changes in your body.

Contributing factors in late diagnosis include unclear symptoms and lack of precursor lesions which lead to misdiagnosed 70%-75% of the time (Crull, 2014). Ovarian cancer can present with gastrointestinal, urinary or gynecologic symptoms are common such as abdominal bloating, pelvic mass, pain, or malaise (Crull, 2014). Other developed symptoms include increase in abdominal size, bloating and or difficulty eating (Crull, 2014).

Cervical cancer malignant cancer of the cervix uteris or cervical area. It may present with vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the cancer is in its advanced stages, which has made cervical cancer the focus of intense screening efforts using the Pap smear. About 2.2 percent of women carry one of the 2 virus strains most likely to lead to cervical cancer. One of the symptoms of Cervical Cancer is very Unusual amount of discharge.

A woman may unable to have children. The more cervical cancer has progressed, it is possible that a more radical version of a hysterectomy may be necessary, prompting removal of not only the uterus and cervix, but also the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the upper part of the vagina. If the ovaries are removed or damaged by radiation treatment, this could start early menopause. The cervical cancer could also spread to restrict use of the bladder or rectum, which may lead to their removal if they have become too damaged to function.

Cancer is an abnormal cell that grows and spreads without control (1). There are more than 100 types of cancer such as bladder, brain, thyroid, and breast cancer (1). The causes of cancer are unknown, but there are factors that increase the probability of getting cancer such as smoking, UV light, and air pollution. Cancer can be cured and managed when it is diagnosed early, but most of the cases are diagnosed after the tumor has spread and developed. Cancer can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Cancer affects the patient psychologically and physically. There are several diseases and causes of ovarian cancer.

Cervical cancer is one type of cancer happening from the cervix due to abnormal growth of cells. There are many reasons to cause cervical cancer. One of them is that the abnormal cells from other parts of body are able to invade or spread to the cervix and cause the abnormal growth. Unfortunately, in early stage, typically no symptoms are seen, and later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or pain during sexual intercourse. What’s more, when bleeding after sex, it also may indicate the presence of cervical cancer.7