Cancer Is A Disease Of The Cells

Cancer is defined by the National Cancer Institute as “the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.” Cancer can develop at almost any part of the human body and anyone can develop cancer, although risk typically increases with age because most cancers tend to require many years to develop. “Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. When cancer develops, however, this orderly process breaks down. As cells become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form growths called tumors” (cancer.gov). Cancerous tumors are defined as malignant meaning that they can spread to nearby tissues or metastasize to distant places in places within the body and form new cancerous tumors. There are over 100 forms of cancer and they are usually named after the organs or tissues where the cancers originate. Staging of cancer is used to “describe the severity of a person’s cancer based on the size and/or extent (reach) of the original (primary) tumor and whether or not cancer has spread in the body” (cancer.gov). The importance’s of staging cancer is to assist the doctor with planning appropriate treatments to fight the cancer

Cancer is given to a whole collection of related diseases. Cancer cells begin to divide unregulated and spread into surrounding tissues. Scientists have proposed that lots of SP2 protein may transform to normal cells into cancer cells. In addition, the deprivation of specific co-stimulated molecules can impair the natural killer cells ability and lead to the cancer. Cancer occurs almost anyplace in the human body. Cells become old and become more abnormal or cells, which are damaged when they should die, divide without stopping and may constitute growths called tumors. Also cancer cells are less specialized than normal cells. The first and original tumor is called primary tumor. Primary tumor may spread to other parts of the body and create new tumors.

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that involves the reproductive glands females only, the ovaries. Ovaries contain 3 cells: surface epithelium, germ cells, and stromal cells. The surface epithelium are what cover the outer lining of the ovaries. Germ cells are cells that are bound to form eggs. Stromal cells are cells that release hormones and connects many different structures of the ovaries. Each of the cells can develop into different types of tumors. In most cases of ovarian cancer the epithelial tumors is the most commonly found in ovarian tumors. When being diagnosed with ovarian cancer the 3 main organs affected are the intestines, liver, and stomach.

Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. Cells keep dividing even though new cells are not needed. Change from normal to cancerous cells requires gene alterations.

Ovarian cancer is cancer of the ovaries and is listed as the fifth cause of death in women. Ovaries are the reproductive glands of only females and the main source of a female’s estrogen and progesterone. The ovaries are made up of 3 kinds of cells, which can also develop different types of tumors. Epithelial tumors start from the cell that covers the outer surface of the ovaries. Germ cell tumors start from the cells that produce the eggs. Stromal tumors start from the structural tissues that hold the ovary together and produce the female hormones (1).

Cancer is a disease that takes many forms and affects a multitude of people in the world. The specific type of malignancy will determine the proper course of treatment to take to deal with the illness. The most prevalent type of cancer in males between the ages 15 to 34 is testicular cancer (Cavayero et al., 2015). As a result, this is also the most common cancer in young men around the world and the cause of 1-2% of all male tumors (Carey et al., 2015). In the US, we see around 9000 new testicular cancer diagnoses made per year (Agarwal et al., 2015). However, even with the malignancy’s prevalence in the world, testicular cancer is one of the great success stories in the advancement of treatments and cures. Due to the effectiveness of different treatments, testicular cancer has about a 98% 5-year survival rate and a very positive prognosis when detected early on (Cavayero et al., 2015). Some of the standard treatment options used by patients in the course of their disease are orchiectomies, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and active surveillance (Meyts et al., 2013). In addition, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is another surgical option that is becoming a more common and viable option for patients (Dudderidge, 2014). However, even with the high rates of success and remission, we see many potential long-term physical and psychological effects from the disease and it’s treatments.

Human body is made up of trillions and trillions of cells and cancer cells can grow in any part of the body. In natural human body process all the cells keep breaking and new cells keep taking their places and that’s how the body work properly but when cancer cells grows the old cells keep becoming abnormal and the natural process disturbs.

Ovarian cancer is a malignant form of cancer that develops from the ovary and it is unlikely to be discovered by most patients during its early stages because its symptoms are very delicate. The fact that prognosis is sometimes difficult to perform makes it impossible for some individuals to be able to effectively fight the tumor. Many women are unable to understand that changes occurring in their bodies are actually a result of ovarian cancer. Hundreds of thousands of women worldwide are diagnosed with ovarian cancer every year and it is thus essential for society to have a complex understanding of the disease, its symptoms, and methods of coping with it.

Ovarian cancer is a disease in which malignant or cancerous cells are found in the ovaries. The ovaries are two small organs that are located on each side of the uterus. The way cancer develops is when cells begin to grow out of control. Cancer cells are different from normal cells because they continue to grow and instead of dying, they create abnormal cells that form into a tumor. Woman around age 35-74, ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death. The earlier this cancer is treated the better. Most woman don’t have symptom and when they do end up finding out that they have ovarian cancer their already on their 3rd or higher stage. Every woman diagnosed with this cancer has a survival rate of 30.6% (NOC, 2016).

Most cancers form tumors, but not all tumors are cancerous. Some tumors are benign or noncancerous as those like freckles and moles which stop the growing process and do not spread to other parts of the body and therefor do not create new tumors. Malignant or cancerous on the other hand interfere with body functions and draw nutrients from the body tissues due to the tumors they create. Cancers continue to grow and spread by direct extension or through a process named metastasis, whereby the malignant cells travel through the lymphatic or blood vessels eventually forming new tumors in other parts of the body.

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells, and is a major cause of death throughout the world. The development of cancer chemotherapeutics began in the 1940s [Shewach, D. and Kuchta, R, 2009] and very early drugs were based on nitrogen mustards, agents similar to mustard gas. Sulphur mustard gas was used as chemical warfare in World War I (WWI), and this led to new approaches for cancer therapeutics. These traditional chemotherapeutic compounds however, can attack cell division in a cancerous, as well as a normal cell, as tumour and normal cells share the same DNA. This leads to several serious side effects. Newer chemotherapeutics, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, target specific differences between tumour and normal tissue, and therefore do not exhibit such toxicities [Shewach, D. and Kuchta, R, 2009]

Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer are two of a fatal diseases that occur among woman. Infect Ovarian cancer is more fatal than endometrial cancer and accounts for almost half of the gynecologic cancer mortality in the world. Therefore there needs to be a careful analysis of the contributing factors which increase the risk of these diseases.

Not all cancers are a result of rapid and abnormal cell growth within the body. Cancers of the blood, for example leukaemia's, do not form tumours, but they make many abnormal blood cells build up in the blood. Unlike normal cells, under a microscope, it becomes clearly evident how different cancer cells look in comparison to regular body cells. Cancer cells often exhibit much more variability in cell size, some are larger than normal cells and some are smaller. In addition, cancer cells often have an abnormal shape, both of the cell, and of the nucleus. The nucleus is both larger and darker than those of normal cells. The dark nucleus is due to excess DNA and an abnormal number of chromosomes that are arranged in a disorganised fashion. These mutations can either drive the cell to transform and become cancerous, or act as passenger mutations which develops the cell without it being able to perform any specific function. Normally, each cell has a specialised function within the body, but unlike normal cells, cancer cells do not have any function at all (Rykaj et al. 2015). For example, the white blood cells of leukaemia function a lot differently

Ovarian cancer is ranked the fifth leading cause in cancerous deaths among women. This accounts for the most deaths of any other cancer of the female reproductive system. The American Cancer Society estimates that in the year 2016 about 22,280 women will be newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer and about 14,240 women will die from ovarian cancer (American Cancer Society). Comparatively, small cell ovarian cancer of the hypercalcemic type is a very rare, aggressive form of ovarian cancer seen mainly in young women. The first description was published fairly recently in 1982 by Dickersin et al. and less than 250 total cases have been reported in literature. The average onset of the tumor is age 24 and shows non-specific clinical signs. The overall

In the United States, it is one of the eight-most common cancer of women. According to researches, the data shows that Hispanic women are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer than the general population and their median age at diagnosis is 48. In 1998, about 12,800 women were diagnosed in the US and about 4,800 died. Among cancers of the female reproductive tract, it is less common than endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. The rates of new cases in the United States was 7 per 100,000 women in 2004. Cervical cancer deaths decreased by approximately 74% in the