Candida Rugosa Experiment

4) One package of active dry yeast was added to bottle labeled ‘5mL’ and solution was swirled.

40 mL of a concentrated solution of sucrose was prepared at 200mg/mL. Using appropriate dilutions of the stock, 11 solutions including a control solution were made in plastic tubes. The enzyme reaction with sucrose was run in 2 mL volume at room temperature in water. The enzyme constituted half the volume of the stock solution. The substrate was added to the enzyme in order to start the reaction. Each reaction ran for 5 min after which 2 mLs of DNS reagent was added. The solution was boiled for 10 min and the results were read using a spectrophotometer.

Enzymes react differently under different conditions and concentrations, being the most productive at the enzymes specific optimum condition and concentration. The enzyme sucrase, extracted from yeast, breaks down the complex sugar sucrose into the simple sugar glucose. Testing for sucrase’s optimum environment, multiple reactions were ran using varying amounts and concentrations of sucrose and sucrase at different pHs and temperatures. The product was then treated with Benedicts solution to visually observe what amount of glucose was present after the reaction was ran; negative results being little to no glucose present and positive results being

Abstract: This lab’s purpose was to see how different levels of yeast, distilled water, and sugar interact to affect the level of carbon dioxide evolved in fermentation. In this experiment we had two sections. The first section tested four test tubes with varying levels of yeast, glucose and distilled water for evolved carbon dioxide levels. The tubes were timed for 20 minutes. The amounts of solution in the test tubes are noted in the methods section of this lab report. The second section of the lab used three test tubes and flowed the same procedure except added spices. The levels of ingredients are also in the methods section. The main goal of this experiment was to see the effects of yeast concentration.

In this lab we tried to find what fuels yeast could metabolize and what the yields of the carbon dioxide gas that were produced from the different sugars used. We used 6 different yeast and sugar mixtures. The different yeast and sugar mixtures we used were control, glucose, sucrose, fructose, starch, and saccharin. The results for the 6 different results are presented in Tables 1-6 and Graph 1. Graph 1 is a graph of all the information in Tables 1-6. Each Table and graph is labeled approximately.

Typically, wealth is an idea that most people view the same way, but in Voltaire’s El Dorado there is a different view of wealth being expressed that suggests peace in society, rather than the corruption for the desire of money. Voltaire criticizes wealth in “Candide”, by showing that El Dorado is paradise and the perfect society because there is no form of wealth and outside of El Dorado there is lying, cheating, and stealing being committed to gain more riches and valuables, which shows that the normal society in the world is corrupt compared to Voltaire’s image of paradise, El Dorado. The different ways that Voltaire criticizes wealth in “Candide” are how money corrupts people through lying, cheating, or stealing, how money is used to bribe other people in the story to do things that are unjust for society, and how Candide is happier being a poor man than a wealthy one. Voltaire’s El Dorado is peaceful and non-violent, while outside of the society, some people are corrupted by the idea of wealth.

Imagine a world filled with rape, murder, violence and poverty. All the things that could go wrong will go wrong. Everywhere a person looks they are met with danger to themselves or the people around them. This is the world that is visualized in the satirical novel Candide by Voltaire. Throughout the book, Voltaire criticises the military, religion and gender roles and how these things plague the world that the book is set in. Many of the political and class systems in the book are considered wrong to the general ideology in the modern era. For example, the book is set during the era of the Spanish Inquisition where large amounts of people were forced to leave spain, and on significant accounts were executed, based on their religious beliefs. Undoubtedly, this volume of discrimination is eradicated, but is today's modern world just as terrifying and unpleasant as the world in Voltaire describes as such in Candide?

Issachar tried to kill Candide with his sword when he saw him with Cunegonde, but instead Candide killed Issachar. After that, they went to the Old Woman to decide what they should do with the dead body and then the Inquisitor came in, and Candide killed him too. They eventually came to a decision and left to a little town called Avacena. Cunegonde was robbed and someone stole her moidores and diamonds. The Old Woman thought that the friar that stayed at the friar that stayed at their inn was the thief. Later, they wanted to travel to Cadiz, so they sold one of the horses for money. The Old Woman recalls a story from her past about how she was married to a man, but he died after a while. The Woman and her mother went on a boat, where all of

1. Lab reports are to be computer-generated and double-spaced. All sections of the report must

For the experiment, the changes of temperature on anaerobic fermentation the process in which cells undergo respiration without oxygen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was observed. The purpose of this experiment was to test the effect of four different temperatures on the rate of carbon dioxide production in yeast by measuring the fermentation rate. Saccharomyces cereviviae, also known as Baker 's yeast, is a unicellular, eukaryotic sac fungus and is good for this experiment because of its characteristic of alcohol fermentation. It was hypothesized that fermentation increases with increased temperature to a point of 37°C; above that point, enzyme denaturing will occur and fermentation will decrease. The group was able to document the carbon dioxide production and mark each of the temperature intervals which were tested at temperatures 4°C (refrigerator temperature), 23°C (Room temperature), 37°C (Human body temperature) and 65° Celsius (Equal to 150°F). The experiment was conducted by pouring yeast solution with 2% glucose in fermentation tubes, placing the tubes in the appropriate incubation temperature, marking the rise of the gas bubbles in the fermentation tubes which indicated carbon dioxide production. The results of this experiment were not supported by the hypothesis, creating different results from what was predicted. It is important to understand the fermentation rate of yeast so

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effects of the amount of yeast used on the rate of respiration. Research was conducted to provide basic background on yeast, sugar solution, cellular respiration and a previous experiment similar to this one conducted, therefore improve the researchers’ comprehension of the experiment. From the research, it was found that yeast grows in or on their food source. Yeast produces and release digestive proteins where the sugar molecules are found (TSA). Then, those sugar molecules break apart into monosaccharides.

Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus. This means that that C. albicans has to different phenotypic forms, an oval shaped yeast form and a branching hyphal form. C. albicans normal habitat is the mucosal membranes of humans and various other mammals including the mouth, gut, vagina, and sometimes the skin. Normally C. albicans causes no damage and lives symbiotically with the human or animal host, even helping to breakdown minute amounts of fiber that are eaten in the host’s diet. The normal bacterial flora of the gut, mouth, and vaginal mucosa act as a barrier to the over growth of fungal infections like C. albicans. Loss of this normal flora is one of the main predisposing factors to an infection by C. albicans.

In Voltaire’s Candide, there are many attacks on societal ideals involving money and religion. Throughout the book, Voltaire attacks the idea that money is the most important thing there is. He shows Cunegonde moving from place to place and man to man all so she can keep her riches. He also shows it in Candide’s character when Candide wants to leave with the gold and jewels of Eldorado. He leaves with the riches and brings them back to Europe in hopes to be the richest man in Europe. However, the attack on religion is the most prominent in the book. Voltaire depicts the religious figures as malicious and impure, with the hanging of Pangloss and an Inquisitor who has a mistress. In Eldorado, Voltaire shows how religion should be, with no preachers and no praying just showing gratitude to God. In what could be also addressed as the second garden, Voltaire shows us the wonders of Eldorado.

In industrial scale production, microorganism such as bacteria and fungi was fully expressed the lipase. The advantage of using bacteria producing

Different techniques and principles for protein extraction and characterization were demonstrated in this experiment. Various proteins were extracted from different sources: 1.67 g yeast invertase, 1.03 g egg white albumin, and 5.15 g of milk casein. Activity assay for invertase was performed using Benedict’s test and the enzymes inverting action on sucrose was confirmed. Warburg-Christian Method and Bradford Assay were also employed to determine the protein concentration in the albumin and the casein samples. The concentrations for the albumin and casein samples were found to be 0.519 and 0.327 mg/mL, respectively based on Warburg-Christian Assay; and 6.5x10-3¬ and 1.9x10-2 mg/mL