Car T Cell Therapy : A Revolutionary Treatment From The Area Of Immuno Oncology

Car T-cells are more formally known as chimeric antigen receptors. These cells are genetically modified t-cells that are designed to target tumor cells. These CAR t-cells work by circulating through the blood looking for cells that they can bind to. The receptors of these cells are specifically designed to recognize a pattern that is common cancer. Once they cell comes into contact with the specific receptor, cell will then attack and destroy the cancer, but also can tell the rest of the body that there is a problem. The additional hope is that the CAR-T cells will create memory cells within the body as a normal T-cell. In the simplest explanation, CAR-T cells are genetically modified to attack cells the body would otherwise not recognize.

1. The Washington Post states that this new form of therapy actually uses the patient’s own white blood cells, they are extracted from the patient, altered and ‘programed’ to go after Leukemia cells within the body. (McGinley, Laurie and

Additionally, an author provided an example of another therapy –the haploidentical transplantation that uses bone- marrow cells, which are only half-matched to a patient. However, Berger clearly gives readers to understand that using umbilical-cord stem cells is better because they have not been exposed much to bacteria and viruses. As an article says the transplant trial was done by Colleen Delaney of the Fred Hutchinson cancer Research Center. The author of the article states that Delaney’s clinical trial saved the lives of thirteen people, including Quinn and Gordon, out of fifteen participants. Therefore, using the stem cells from babies’ umbilical cords is a new solution for the blood cancer patients, especially those with different racial

"I think this marks the beginning of a new era for stem cell research," Robert Lanza, the company's chief scientific officer, wrote in an email. "After a decade of intense controversy, the field is finally ready to prove itself--and to actually start helping patients suffering from a range of horrific diseases. It also shows the new readiness of the FDA to work with researchers to move exciting new stem cell therapies out of the laboratory and into the clinic." Later this month they plan on cluding and gathering the result of the

It has targeted cells that work to kill and defend any pathogen or impurity that enters one’s body. In the case of cancers, a person’s cells grow abnormally forming a tumor. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells lose the ability to undergo apoptosis, cell death. Thus, one’s body harvests a tumor that most likely has a chance to spread and become deadly. Luckily, the biotech industry concocted innovative research that called for a new method of cancer treatment. Immunotherapy is designed to program one’s immune system to destroy and fight off the cancer. Originally, it has been mainly used for allergies. Dosages of medication or vaccinations are given to a patient to ensure that the immune system will not overreact to certain types of foreign substances. The therapy requires a drug that delivers an anticancer immune cell, specifically designed to attach on to the specific antigen that the tumor contains. According to scientist, immunotherapy gives patients “long term protection with reduced side effects against the cancer” (McGinley). The purpose of this treatment is to strengthen the immune system and specifically targets cancerous cells. Due to scientific research and the use of biotechnological methods, immunotherapy is able to prevent the threat of killing cells necessary to one’s body. Providing patients with a treatment that does not take a toll on their bodies, nor threaten to kill healthy cells is one relief the person

cells have proved successful in being able to cure certain types of diseases such as leukemia,

Frank Emmrich is the director of the Fraunhofer IZI and a professor at the University of Leipzig, where he has headed the Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine since 1994. This dual position enables the efficient sharing of experience, not to mention the optimal supervision of undergraduate and doctoral dissertations, and provides an excellent basis for cooperation. Both a doctor and an immunologist, Prof. Emmrich spent 13 years as both a researcher and department head at Max Planck Institutes in Freiburg and Erlangen. Over seven of these years he was a professor at the Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg. From its founding eight years ago up to this year he also was director of the BMBF funded institute of Translational Regenerative Medicine, the TRM, at Leipzig. Since 2008 he is also a member of the German Ethics Council and additionally member or chairman in a multitude of scientific organisations such as the German Stem Cell Network. He first came into contact with Dr. Burkhardt during her dissertation thesis on genetics of autoimmune diseases and since 2011 advised and accompanied Dr. Burkhardt’s BMBF funded project as her mentor at the Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig. Currently, more than 200 peer-reviewed scientific publications are listed by Prof. Emmrich in addition to several patent applications. In addition to supervision provided by Prof. Emmrich, Christopher Oelkrug, Head of Immunotherapy/Oncology Unit at the Fraunhofer IZI, will accompany the proposed project. He published over 20 peer-reviewed research articles with a focus on the development and testing of novel therapeutic strategies with the aid of innovative tumour models for the treatment of cancer patients and the enhancement of therapeutic cancer vaccines through different administration strategies. Thus, his research and expertise complements the purposed of this

Once the T-cells have been isolated, synthetic antibodies are produced and integrated into the surface of the T-cells that recognize specific antigens on the affected tumor and cancer cells. The timeline for manufacturing Kymriah is approximately three to four weeks. The period in which the gene immunotherapy is being prepared, patient will undergo immunosuppression chemotherapy to prepare the body to accept the genetically modified T-cells.

Fister went into the doctor for a bruise that would not heal after a fall. After tests were run Fister was diagnosed with leukemia. She had two bone marrow transplants that failed, and her last option was an adult stem cell transplant from umbilical cord blood. Weeks after the transplant, Fister’s body did not reject the stem cells and she became stronger. Fister also informed her physician that her skin was now healing faster as well. Mary Laughlin, Fister’s transplant physician at University Hospitals Ireland Cancer Center, says “It is not surprising the stem cells have affected more than her leukemia. These cells not only cure the leukemia or life-threatening blood disorder, they also participate in the repair of the organs in the body.” There have been other success stories of cancer patients as well. Army veteran, Bill Dubois had been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma for five years. Chemotherapy was successful in suppressing the lymphoma for several years but resurfaced. Dubois had learned of the advancements made in adult stem cell transplant and decided on this being his next step to recovery. His sister, former marine Sidney Wallace, was a perfect match and donated the adult stem cells to her brother. A year later from the transplant, Dubois is cancer

Adult stem cells are not necessarily derived from adult human but merely not from embryos. These stem cells can found in bone marrow, connective tissues, hair follicles, umbilical cords and other areas of the body. It is said that these cells have been used to treat an estimated 11,000 patients in the United States in the past two years alone, and over 70 diseases, including Parkinson’s and diabetes. (Pence, 2009) There have been 0 recorded successful treatments achieved by the use of embryonic stem cells. As well, stem cells from umbilical cord blood have been used to treat 65 diseases such as leukemia, and lymphoma. (Sweat,

Even though many people are unsure about stem cell use, research shows that stem cells are able to help people. Around 50,000 adult stem cell transplants happen around the world each year (“Rethinking Stem Cells” ). Imagine a world with no sickness or no cancer but also if that means killing embryos. If research keeps happening, stem cells may have the answers to many questions for great

This new remedy that scientists are experimenting with is called virotherapy. Virotherapy was defined in the article as viruses that have been genetically engineered to find and kill cancer cells while leaving healthy cells untouched. A treatment such as this has been a favorable one considering how the traditional cancer chemotherapies have been known to not only attack cancer

You never think it will happen to you. “27 year old man killed in freak lightning strike.” “24 year old surfer killed by rare shark attack.” “40 year old man killed by RARE skin cancer.” But then it does. You don’t expect it and you are definitely not ready for it. The next many years are difficult, full of tears and grief, and full of questions… After eleven, it has improved. However, I still ask, “Why?” “Why did it have to be a RARE cancer?” “Who has even heard of nasal cancer?” “Why did he die to a disease he spent his life seeking to cure?” In May of 2004, scientist Han Mo Koo passed away from NK-T cell lymphoma and my life changed forever.

Advances in the understanding of the molecular and cellular immunological mechanisms and recombinant DNA technology have led to the development of new immunotherapic therapies for disease conditions.

Another recent study involved transplanting these modified T cells into mice using the CRISPR/cas9 to see if the engineered cells would transfer resistance to HIV. After transplanting the T cells and exposing the mice to HIV, the mice tested resistant to the virus (Zu, 2017).